ftp服务器安装与配置
1. ftp服务端的安装
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如果之前配置过ftp服务器的还是之后配置的服务器，无法启动服务，那么基本是配置出现了错误，那么可先完全卸载后再进行安装。如果无法定位多半是镜像源的问题，请更换阿里源。
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install vsftpd vsftpd --version //检测是否安装- 1
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2. ftp服务端的配置
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vim /etc/vsftpd.conf //编辑配置文件- 1
修改vsftpd.conf文件如下：
listen=NO //是否开启监听ipv4和ipv6数据 listen_ipv6=YES //是否开启监听ipv6数据 # Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default). anonymous_enable=NO //是否允许匿名登陆，无需密码 # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES //是否允许本地用户登录 # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES //是否允许登陆者上传文件 # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 //设置本地用户默认要减免的权限 # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES //目录消息，能够给远程登陆的用户发送目录 # # If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time # in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The # times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this # option. use_localtime=YES //服务器所展示的目录将随着本地时间而改变 # # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. xferlog_enable=YES //开启上传下载的日志记录 # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES //确认连接传输的端口号为20 # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log //日志文件存放位置 # # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format. # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case. xferlog_std_format=YES //日志文件采用标准格式 # You may fully customise the login banner string: ftpd_banner=Welcome to FTP service. //在使用shell时登陆那么会发送欢迎语 # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the # chroot) chroot_local_user=YES //对本地用户是否实施限制 chroot_list_enable=YES //开启限制白名单 # (default follows) chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list //白名单路径，若无这个文件需要自己创建 # This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the # directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used # as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem # access. secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty # # This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use. # pam_service_name=vsftpd pam_service_name=ftp //此处ubuntu的系统需要改为ftp # This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL # encrypted connections. rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key ssl_enable=NO # # Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem. utf8_filesystem=YES //编码统一为utf8编码，可以识别中文，防止乱码- 1
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3. vftpd配置完成
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添加设置ftpuser用户和访问目录
1. 创建ftp用户组和用户
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sudo groupadd ftpusers //创建ftpusers用户组 sudo useradd -m ftpuser_lxr//创建一个用户并且自动创建家目录为/home/ftpuser_lxr （第二种方式：mkdir /home/ftpuser_lxr //先创建家目录sudo userad -d /home/ftpuser_lxr ftpuser_lxr //绑定这个家目录) usermod -G ftpusers ftpuser_lxr //将这个新用户加入到ftpusers用户组中 sudo passwd ftpuser_lxr //更改密码 mkdir /home/ftpuser_lxr/ftp //为用户添加一个具有一定权限的文件夹 chmod 777 -R /home/ftpuser_lxr/ftp //新建一个pub目录用于存放文件，并且赋予全部权限 usermod -s /sbin/nologin username //限制用户登录方式；限制用户username只能通过ftp登陆，而不能直接登陆服务器- 1
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2.将该用户加入vsftpd.chroot_list白名单中
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mkdir /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list vim vsftpd.chroot_list- 1
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该文件内容如下：
#白名单 ftpuser_lxr- 1
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3.开启并重启vsftpd的服务
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systemctl start vsftpd或者service vsftpd start
systemctl restart vsftpd或者service vsftpd restart
测试
方法一：
打开浏览器，在地址栏输入：ftp://ip_addresss
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方法二：
在ubuntu中使用shell输入：ftp ip_address
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方法三：
在windows中在文件管理器地址栏输入：ftp://ip_addresss，该方式可以上传下载文件
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方法四:
在windows中使用cmd输入：ftp://ip_addresss //显示连接成功