爬虫框架之Scrapy（四 ImagePipeline）

ImagePipeline

使用scrapy框架我们除了要下载文本，还有可能需要下载图片，scrapy提供了ImagePipeline来进行图片的下载。

ImagePipeline还支持以下特别的功能：

1 生成缩略图：通过配置IMAGES_THUMBS = {'size_name': (width_size,heigh_size),}

2 过滤小图片：通过配置IMAGES_MIN_HEIGHT和IMAGES_MIN_WIDTH来过滤过小的图片。

具体其他功能可以看下参考官网手册:https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/media-pipeline.html.

ImagePipelines的工作流程

1 在spider中爬取需要下载的图片链接，将其放入item中的image_urls.

2 spider将其传送到pipieline

3 当ImagePipeline处理时，它会检测是否有image_urls字段，如果有的话，会将url传递给scrapy调度器和下载器

4 下载完成后会将结果写入item的另一个字段images，images包含了图片的本地路径，图片校验，和图片的url。

示例 爬取巴士lol的英雄美图

只爬第一页

http://lol.tgbus.com/tu/yxmt/

第一步:items.py

import scrapy class Happy4Item(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    image_urls = scrapy.Field() images = scrapy.Field()

 爬虫文件lol.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy from happy4.items import Happy4Item class LolSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'lol' allowed_domains = ['lol.tgbus.com'] start_urls = ['http://lol.tgbus.com/tu/yxmt/'] def parse(self, response): li_list = response.xpath('//div[@class="list cf mb30"]/ul//li') for one_li in li_list: item = Happy4Item() item['image_urls'] =one_li.xpath('./a/img/@src').extract() yield item

 最后 settings.py

BOT_NAME = 'happy4' SPIDER_MODULES = ['happy4.spiders'] NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'happy4.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False ITEM_PIPELINES = { 'scrapy.pipelines.images.ImagesPipeline': 1, } IMAGES_STORE = 'images'

 不需要操作管道文件，就可以爬去图片到本地

极大的减少了代码量.

注意：因为图片管道会尝试将所有图片都转换成JPG格式的，你看源代码的话也会发现图片管道中文件名类型直接写死为JPG的。所以如果想要保存原始类型的图片，就应该使用文件管道。

示例 爬取mm131美女图片

http://www.mm131.com/xinggan/

要求爬取的就是这个网站

这个网站是有反爬的，当你直接去下载一个图片的时候，你会发现url被重新指向了别处，或者有可能是直接报错302，这是因为它使用了referer这个请求头里的字段，当你打开一个图片的url的时候，你的请求头里必须有referer，不然就会被识别为爬虫文件，禁止你的爬取，那么如何解决呢？

手动在爬取每个图片的时候添加referer字段。

xingan.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy from happy5.items import Happy5Item import re class XinganSpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'xingan' allowed_domains = ['www.mm131.com'] start_urls = ['http://www.mm131.com/xinggan/'] def parse(self, response): every_html = response.xpath('//div[@class="main"]/dl//dd') for one_html in every_html[0:-1]: item = Happy5Item() # 每个图片的链接
            link = one_html.xpath('./a/@href').extract_first() # 每个图片的名字
            title = one_html.xpath('./a/img/@alt').extract_first() item['title'] = title # 进入到每个标题里面
            request = scrapy.Request(url=link, callback=self.parse_one, meta={'item':item}) yield request # 每个人下面的图集
    def parse_one(self, response): item = response.meta['item'] # 找到总页数
        total_page = response.xpath('//div[@class="content-page"]/span[@class="page-ch"]/text()').extract_first() num = int(re.findall('(\d+)', total_page)[0]) # 找到当前页数
        now_num = response.xpath('//div[@class="content-page"]/span[@class="page_now"]/text()').extract_first() now_num = int(now_num) # 当前页图片的url
        every_pic = response.xpath('//div[@class="content-pic"]/a/img/@src').extract() # 当前页的图片url
        item['image_urls'] = every_pic # 当前图片的refer
        item['referer'] = response.url yield item # 如果当前数小于总页数
        if now_num < num: if now_num == 1: url1 = response.url[0:-5] + '_%d'%(now_num+1) + '.html'
            elif now_num > 1: url1 = re.sub('_(\d+)', '_' + str(now_num+1), response.url) headers = { 'referer':self.start_urls[0] } # 给下一页发送请求
            yield scrapy.Request(url=url1, headers=headers, callback=self.parse_one, meta={'item':item})

items.py

import scrapy class Happy5Item(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    image_urls = scrapy.Field() images = scrapy.Field() title = scrapy.Field() referer = scrapy.Field()

pipelines.py

from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline from scrapy.exceptions import DropItem from scrapy.http import Request class Happy5Pipeline(object): def process_item(self, item, spider): return item class QiushiImagePipeline(ImagesPipeline): # 下载图片时加入referer请求头
    def get_media_requests(self, item, info): for image_url in item['image_urls']: headers = {'referer':item['referer']} yield Request(image_url, meta={'item': item}, headers=headers) # 这里把item传过去，因为后面需要用item里面的书名和章节作为文件名

    # 获取图片的下载结果, 控制台查看
    def item_completed(self, results, item, info): image_paths = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok] if not image_paths: raise DropItem("Item contains no images") return item # 修改文件的命名和路径
    def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None): item = request.meta['item'] image_guid = request.url.split('/')[-1] filename = './{}/{}'.format(item['title'], image_guid) return filename

settings.py

BOT_NAME = 'happy5' SPIDER_MODULES = ['happy5.spiders'] NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'happy5.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False ITEM_PIPELINES = { # 'scrapy.pipelines.images.ImagesPipeline': 1,
   'happy5.pipelines.QiushiImagePipeline': 2, } IMAGES_STORE = 'images'

得到图片文件:

这种图还是要少看。