1.打开ssh工具，连接到数据库所在的linux机器。若用户为root，请输入命令“su - oracle”并回车，若要密码，输入密码后并回车，就切换到了oracle用户下。（下为已切换到oracle用户下了）
[root@tqxs tqxs]# su - oracle
上一次登录：一 10月 15 09:56:08 CST 2018pts/0 上
[oracle@tqxs ~]$
2.关掉oracle的监听进程:命令为“lsnrctl stop”并回车，这时外部没法连接到数据库了。如下有提示关闭成功信息。
[oracle@tqxs ~]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 19-OCT-2018 10:32:29
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@tqxs ~]$
3.先杀掉所有session，小编用的是命令：“ps -ef|grep $ORACLE_SID|grep -v ora_|grep LOCAL=NO|awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill”也可以用其他办法。然后用sqlplus登录到数据库。命令依次为：“sqlplus /nolog”-“connect / as sysdba” ，最后用命令关闭oracle数据库"shutdown immediate"，强制关闭"shutdown abort" 会忽略事务造成数据丢失 。关闭命令的时候需要等待点时间，成功后会有如下的提示。
[oracle@tqxs ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Oct 19 10:34:21 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
4.用命令"exit"退出sqlplus。然后用命令“lsnrctl start”启动数据库的监听进程。如下提示语句表明启动成功。
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@tqxs ~]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 19-OCT-2018 10:42:05
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/tqxs/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.23.1.127)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 19-OCT-2018 10:42:05
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/tqxs/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.23.1.127)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
[oracle@tqxs ~]$
5.和第三步一样，先用sqlplus登录到数据库。命令依次为：“sqlplus /nolog”-“connect / as sysdba”。然后输入命令“startup”并回车。等待几分钟会出现如下提示信息。最后用命令“exit”退出sqlplus。
[oracle@tqxs ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Oct 19 10:43:17 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 4.0086E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2261848 bytes
Variable Size 4160752808 bytes
Database Buffers 3.5836E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 86405120 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@tqxs ~]$
注意事项
-
注意命令不要输入错误。
-
在关闭数据库的时候要耐心等待一下。
-
一定要先杀掉所有session哦。