2- Docker常用操作指南
2-1 从DockerHub上搜索你想要的Docker镜像，比如你要搜索centos这个镜像
- name表示镜像的名称
- description表示镜像的来源
- stars表示有多少人赞了这个镜像
- official表示这个镜像是否官方镜像
- automated表示这个镜像是否自动化
# docker search centos NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED centos The official build of CentOS. 4702 [OK] ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 118 [OK] jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.10 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.5.1804 x86… 99 [OK] consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 63 [OK] imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 45 [OK] ......
2-2 指定好一个Docker镜像后，从DockerHub上，下载到本地
- docker pull centos:7.4.1708 解释：下载一个镜像名称为centos并且这个镜像的标签为7.4.1708，名称与标签必须和DockerHub上的保持一致
- docker image ls 解释：查看镜像文件docker image ls --no-trunc
- docker image ls --no-trunc 解释：查看这个镜像文件的完整ID编号
# docker pull centos:7.4.1708
7.4.1708: Pulling from library/centos 18b8eb7e7f01: Pull complete Digest: sha256:2a0db0b7a5163f97a12f0487c78179ab4ce53877441bba3cded5dac24fb12792 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7.4.1708 # docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos 7.4.1708 d3949e34634c 5 weeks ago 197MB # docker image ls --no-trunc REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos 7.4.1708 sha256:d3949e34634c9a234da0adb874d0c1e516dd9fa33801a3216b45157f5d1fbcf8 5 weeks ago 197MB
2-3 创建一个Docer容器并且运行起来
- docker run --name liuqi_centos-7.4 -it centos:7.4.1708 解释：创建并且运行一个新容器，给这个新容器起个名字叫liuqi_centos-7.4，使用-it参数让容器使用交互模式，这个容器的镜像是centos:7.4.1708
- exit 解释：退出当前liuqi_centos-7.4这个容器
- docker container ls -a 解释：查看当前运行的容器有哪些，如果显示exited，说明这个容器是未运行状态
- docker container start -ai liuqi_centos-7.4 解释：让这个容器重新运行起来
# docker run --name liuqi_centos-7.4 -it centos:7.4.1708 [root@135860e4becd /]# [root@135860e4becd /]# ls anaconda-post.log etc lib64 mnt root srv usr bin home lost+found opt run sys var dev lib media proc sbin tmp [root@135860e4becd /]# exit exit [root@master-01 ~]# [root@master-01 ~]# docker container ls -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 135860e4becd centos:7.4.1708 "/bin/bash" 14 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago liuqi_centos-7.4 [root@master-01 ~]# docker container start -ai liuqi_centos-7.4 [root@135860e4becd /]# ls anaconda-post.log dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
2-4 正常停止一个容器和强制杀死一个容器进程
- stop 解释：正常停止容器运行
- kill 解释：非正常杀死一个容器进程
# docker container stop liuqi_centos-7.4 liuqi_centos-7.4 # docker container kill liuqi_centos-7.4 liuqi_centos-7.4
2-5 删除一个Docker镜像文件
- docker ps -a 解释：查看要删除的这个镜像文件是否正在使用
- docker rm liuqi_centos-7.4 解释：如果这个镜像文件正在使用中时，先要删除这个镜像文件所依赖的容器
- docker rmi d3949e34634c 解释：被依赖的容器被删除了，再删除这个镜像文件
# docker image ls REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos 7.4.1708 d3949e34634c 5 weeks ago 197MB [root@master-01 ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 135860e4becd centos:7.4.1708 "/bin/bash" 36 minutes ago Exited (137) 4 minutes ago liuqi_centos-7.4 [root@master-01 ~]# docker rm liuqi_centos-7.4 liuqi_centos-7.4 [root@master-01 ~]# docker rmi d3949e34634c Untagged: centos:7.4.1708 Untagged: centos@sha256:2a0db0b7a5163f97a12f0487c78179ab4ce53877441bba3cded5dac24fb12792 Deleted: sha256:d3949e34634c9a234da0adb874d0c1e516dd9fa33801a3216b45157f5d1fbcf8 Deleted: sha256:129b697f70e96b903f2025859be4444624b4a87394e113918a7f855e97a12ae2
2-6 实时查看容器中的日志内容和容器中的网络详细信息
- docker logs -ft --tail 5 liuqi_centos-7.4 解释：实时查看liuqi_centos-7.4这个容器中最后5行的日志信息
- docker inspect liuqi_centos-7.4 解释：查看当前容器的IP地址或容器网络详细信息
# docker logs -ft --tail 5 liuqi_centos-7.4 (2/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.2 MB 00:00:00
^C/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db 50% [=================== ] 18 kB/s | 5.8 MB 00:05:19 ETA 2018-09-15T23:29:22.346029677Z 2018-09-15T23:29:22.346032533Z Exiting on user cancel 2018-09-15T23:29:23.627084760Z [root@45c08d7d2b39 /]# clear # docker inspect liuqi_centos-7.4 | grep "IPAddress" | tail -1
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",