浏览器总会向服务器传递一些参数,那么Spring MVC如何接收这些参数?
先写个简单的html,向服务器传递一些书籍信息,如下:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Spring MVC如何接受浏览器传递来的参数</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> </head> <body> <form action="addbook" method="POST"> <fieldset> <legend>要上传的书籍信息</legend> 书名:<input name="bookname" /><br> 作者:<input name="author" /><br> 出版社:<input name="press" /><br> ISBN:<input name="isbn" /><br> 豆瓣评分:<input name="douban" /><br> <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </fieldset> </form> </body> </html>
再写个视图result.jsp
<%@page pageEncoding="utf-8" contentType="text/html;charset=utf-8" %> <html> <head> <title>返回结果</title> </head> <body style="color:blue;font-size:18px"> 您输入的书籍信息为:<br> 书籍的名称:${bookname }<br><br> 书籍的作者:${author }<br><br> 书籍的出版社:${press }<br><br> 书籍的ISBN:${isbn }<br><br> 书籍的豆瓣评分:${douban }<br><br> </body> </html>
1. 通过HttpServletRequest获得请求参数和数据
tomcat类容器会自动将请求的参数封装到HttpServletRequest中
package net.sonng.mvcdemo.controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller public class BookController { @RequestMapping(value="/addbook",method=RequestMethod.POST) public ModelAndView addbook(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{ request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); //将请求的编码设为utf-8 String bookname=request.getParameter("bookname"); //从request中或参数值 String author=request.getParameter("author"); String press=request.getParameter("press"); String isbn=request.getParameter("isbn"); float douban=Float.parseFloat(request.getParameter("douban")); ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView(); mav.addObject("bookname",bookname); mav.addObject("author",author); mav.addObject("press",press); mav.addObject("isbn",isbn); mav.addObject("douban", douban); mav.setViewName("result"); return mav; } }
2. 处理方法形参名==请求参数名
将处理方法的形参名设为跟传递来的参数名称相同,Spring会自动将参数值传递进来
package net.sonng.mvcdemo.controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller public class BookController { @RequestMapping(value="/addbook",method=RequestMethod.POST) public ModelAndView addBook(String bookname,String author,String press,String isbn,float douban){ //将形参名跟请求参数名设为相同,自动将值传递进来 ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView(); mav.addObject("bookname",bookname); mav.addObject("author",author); mav.addObject("press",press); mav.addObject("isbn",isbn); mav.addObject("douban", douban); mav.setViewName("result"); return mav; } }
用这种方式可能导致编码错误,这里没有request参数,那就在web.xml中添加个过滤器
<filter> <filter-name>utf8Filter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>utf8Filter</filter-name> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> </filter-mapping>
3. 如果形参名跟请求参数名不一样怎么办呢?用@RequestParam注解
处理方法该成这样:
package net.sonng.mvcdemo.controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import net.sonng.mvcdemo.entity.Book; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller public class BookController { @RequestMapping(value="/addbook",method=RequestMethod.POST) public ModelAndView addBook( @RequestParam(name="bookname",required=true) String b, @RequestParam(value="author") String a, @RequestParam("press") String p, @RequestParam("isbn") String i, @RequestParam(value="douban",defaultValue="0.0") float d){ //用@RequestParam注解将请求参数值赋值给形参 ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView(); mav.addObject("bookname",b); mav.addObject("author",a); mav.addObject("press",p); mav.addObject("isbn",i); mav.addObject("douban", d); mav.setViewName("result"); return mav; } }
@RequestParam可以将指定的请求参数赋值给形参,该注解有4个参数
----name:指定请求参数名
----value:跟name属性相同
----required:boolean类型,该参数是否必须绑定。注意这是指是否必须有这个参数
,而不是参数的值是否为null
。如果该属性设置为true,但是又没有对应的参数传递来,那么会抛出异常:Required String parameter '参数名' is not present
----defaultValue:如果没有该参数,那么使用使用默认值
4. 用实体类接收
写个实体类,其实例变量名称跟传递来的参数名称相同,并将该实体类作为处理方法的形参,Spring会自动将请求参数封装到该实体类对象中
先写个Book实体类,注意实例变量名跟传递的参数名相同
package net.sonng.mvcdemo.entity; public class Book { private String bookname; //实体类的形参名跟请求参数名相同 private String press; private String author; private String isbn; private float douban; //省略getter、setter、toString }
处理方法写成这样:
package net.sonng.mvcdemo.controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import net.sonng.mvcdemo.entity.Book; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller public class BookController { @RequestMapping(value="/addbook",method=RequestMethod.POST) //用实体类封装请求参数 public ModelAndView addBook(Book book){ ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView(); mav.addObject("book", book); mav.setViewName("result"); return mav; } }
result.jsp改一改
<%@page pageEncoding="utf-8" contentType="text/html;charset=utf-8" %> <html> <head> <title>返回结果</title> </head> <body style="color:blue;font-size:18px"> 您输入的书籍信息为:<br> 书籍的名称:${book.bookname }<br><br> <!-- 从名为book的模型中拿到bookname数据 --> 书籍的作者:${book.author }<br><br> 书籍的出版社:${book.press }<br><br> 书籍的ISBN:${book.isbn }<br><br> 书籍的豆瓣评分:${book.douban }<br><br> </body> </html>
最后,如何选择?
如果参数比较少,就用:形参名跟请求参数名相同的办法
如果参数比较多,就用:实体类封装
如果浏览器端没有做参数检查,那就从request拿值