Restful风格的测试方法

这里总结出两种方式测试restful

① RestTemplate

② MockMvc

1、Users.class

package com.testRestful.model;

import lombok.Data;

/**
 * @author 
 * @date 2018/6/25
 */
@Data
public class Users {

    private String id;

    private String userName;

    private String password;

    private String age;

    private String email;

}

2.UserService.class

package com.testRestful.service;

import com.testRestful.model.Users;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class UserService {

    /**
     * 查询所有用户
     * @return
     */
    public List<Users> getAll() {
        List<Users> list = new ArrayList<>();
        Users users = new Users();
        users.setId("001");
        users.setUserName("xxxxx");
        users.setAge("20");
        users.setEmail("[e-mail]");
        Users users1 = new Users();
        users1.setId("002");
        users1.setUserName("qqqq");
        users1.setAge("18");
        users1.setEmail("[e-mail]");
        list.add(users);
        list.add(users1);
        return list;
    }

    /**
     * 根据id查询用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public Users getUserById(String id) {
        Users users = new Users();
        users.setId(id);
        users.setUserName("xxxxx");
        users.setAge("20");
        users.setEmail("[e-mail]");
        return users;
    }

    /**
     * 根据id删除用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public Users deleteUserById(String id) {
        //执行删除操作
        Users users = new Users();
        users.setId(id);
        users.setUserName("该用户是删除的用户");
        users.setAge("20");
        users.setEmail("[e-mail]");
        return users;
    }

    /**
     * 根据id修改用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public Users editUserById(String id) {
        //执行修改操作
        Users users = new Users();
        users.setId(id);
        users.setUserName("该用户是修改的用户");
        users.setAge("20");
        users.setEmail("[e-mail]");
        return users;
    }

    /**
     * 保存用户
     * @param users
     * @return
     */
    public Users save(Users users) {
        //执行保存操作
        return users;
    }
}

3. UserController.class

package com.testRestful.controller;

import com.testRestful.model.Users;
import com.testRestful.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    /**
     * 查询所有用户
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "users",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public List<Users> getAll() {
        List<Users> users = userService.getAll();
        return users;
    }

    /**
     * 根据id查询用户通过占位符GET方式(restTemplate使用的方法)
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "users/{id}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public Users getUserById(@PathVariable(name = "id") String id) {
        return userService.getUserById(id);
    }

    /**
     * 根据id查询用户通过占位符GET方式(mockMvc使用的方法)
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "getusers",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public Users getUsers(String id) {
        return userService.getUserById(id);
    }

    /**
     * 根据id删除用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "users/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    public Users deleteUserById(@PathVariable(name = "id") String id) {
        System.out.println("请求的参数为：" + id);
        return userService.deleteUserById(id);
    }

    /**
     * 根据id修改用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "users/{id}",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
    public Users editUserById(@PathVariable(name = "id") String id) {
        System.out.println("请求的参数为：" + id);
        return userService.editUserById(id);
    }

    /**
     * 保存用户(restTemplate使用的方法)
     * @param users
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "save",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public Users save(@RequestBody Users users) {
        return userService.save(users);
    }

    /**
     * 保存用户(mockMvc使用的方法)
     * @param users
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "saveAdd",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public Users saveAdd(Users users) {
        return userService.save(users);
    }

    /**
     * 根据id查询用户通过传参POST方式
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "getUserByIdRePost",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public Users getUserByIdRePost(@RequestBody String id) {
        return userService.getUserById(id);
    }

}

4.RestTemplate测试方法

总结RestTemplate
①GET         getForEntity和getForObject只能通过url占位符进行传参
②DELETE  delete
③PUT         put
④POST      postForEntity和postForObject可以进行传参但是controller参数要通过@RequestBody注解才能获取
                    Users getUserByIdRePost(@RequestBody String id)
                    Users save(@RequestBody Users users)

package com.testRestful.test;

import com.testRestful.model.Users;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author luoxianwei
 * @date 2018/6/22
 *
 * 总结RestTemplate
 * ①GET  getForEntity和getForObject只能通过url占位符进行传参
 * ②DELETE  delete
 * ③PUT  put
 * ④POST  postForEntity和postForObject可以进行传参但是controller参数要通过@RequestBody注解才能获取
 *         Users getUserByIdRePost(@RequestBody String id)
 *         Users save(@RequestBody Users users)
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class TestRestTemplate {

    public static final RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

    /**
     * 查询所有用户
     */
    @Test
    public void getAll() {
        ResponseEntity<List> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8083/users", List.class);
        List list = responseEntity.getBody();
        System.out.println("getForEntity请求回来的值是：" + list.toString());

        List lists = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8083/users", List.class);
        System.out.println("getForObject请求回来的值是：" + lists.toString());
    }

    /**
     * ①根据id查询用户通过占位符GET方式
     */
    @Test
    public void getUserById() {
        ResponseEntity<Users> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8083/users/22222222222", Users.class);
        System.out.println("getForEntity请求回来的对象是：" + responseEntity.getBody());

        Users user = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8083/users/001", Users.class);
        System.out.println("getForObject请求回来的对象是：" + user);
    }


    /**
     * ②根据id查询用户通过传参
     * 1.getForEntity(String url,Class responseType,Object...urlVariables):
     * 该方法提供了三个参数，其中url为请求的地址，responseType为请求响应体body的包装类型，urlVariables为url中的参数绑定。
     * GET请求的参数绑定通常使用url中拼接的方式，比如http://USER-SERVICE/user?name=did我们可以像这样自已将参数拼接到url中，
     * 但更好的方法是在url中使用占位符并配合urlVariables参数实现GET请求的参数绑定，
     * 比如url定义为htip://USER-SERVICE/user?name={1},然后可以这样来调用：
     * getForEntity("http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={1}",String.class,"didi")'其中第三个参数didi会替换url中的{1}占位符。
     * <p>
     * 这里需要注意的是，由于urlVariables参数是一个数组，所以它的顺序会对应url中占位符定义的数字顺序。
     */
    @Test
    public void getUserById2() {
        String id = "22222222222";
        ResponseEntity<Users> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8083/users/{id}", Users.class, id);
        ResponseEntity<Users> responseEntity1 = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8083/users/{1}", Users.class, id);
        System.out.println("getForEntity请求回来的对象是①：" + responseEntity.getBody());
        System.out.println("getForEntity请求回来的对象是②：" + responseEntity1.getBody());

        Users user = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8083/users/{id}", Users.class, id);
        System.out.println("getForObject请求回来的对象是：" + user);
    }

    /**
     * ③根据id查询用户通过使用map封装参数
     * 2.getForEntity(String url,Class responseType,Map urlVariables):
     * 该方法提供的参数中，只有urlVariables的参数类型与上面的方法不同。这里使用了Map类型，所以使用该方法进行参数绑定时需要在占位符中指定Map中参
     * 数的key值，比如url定义为http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={name),在Map类型的urlVariables中，我们就需要put一个key为name的参数来绑
     * 定url中{name}占位符的值，比如：
     */
    @Test
    public void getUserByIdMap() {
        HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("id", "666666666");
        ResponseEntity<Users> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8083/users/{id}", Users.class, map);
        System.out.println("getForEntity请求回来的对象是：" + responseEntity.getBody());

        Users user = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8083/users/{id}", Users.class, map);
        System.out.println("getForObject请求回来的对象是：" + user);
    }


    /**
     * 根据id删除用户
     */
    @Test
    public void deleteUserById() {
        restTemplate.delete("http://localhost:8083/users/001");
        System.out.println("delete方法没有返回值");
    }

    /**
     * 根据id修改用户
     */
    @Test
    public void editUserById() {
        restTemplate.put("http://localhost:8083/users/003", String.class);
        System.out.println("put方法没有返回值");
    }

    /**
     * 保存用户
     */
    @Test
    public void save() {
        Users users = new Users();
        users.setId("888");
        users.setUserName("xxxxx");
        users.setAge("20");
        users.setEmail("[e-mail]");
        ResponseEntity<Users> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity("http://localhost:8083/save", users, Users.class);
        Users users1 = responseEntity.getBody();
        System.out.println("postForEntity保存的对象为：" + users1);

        Users users2 = restTemplate.postForObject("http://localhost:8083/save", users, Users.class);
        System.out.println("postForObject保存的对象为：" + users2);
    }

    /**
     * 根据id查询用户通过传参POST方式
     */
    @Test
    public void getUserByIdRePost() {
        String id = "9999999";
        ResponseEntity<Users> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity("http://localhost:8083/getUserByIdRePost", id, Users.class);
        Users users1 = responseEntity.getBody();
        System.out.println("postForEntity根据id查询用户通过传参获得对象为：" + users1);

        Users users2 = restTemplate.postForObject("http://localhost:8083/getUserByIdRePost", id, Users.class);
        System.out.println("postForObject根据id查询用户通过传参获得对象为：" + users2);
    }
}

5.MockMvc测试方法

package com.testRestful.test;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;

@Configuration
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class TestRestMockMvc {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
    }

    /**
     * 测试获得一个对象①
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void testDetailUser() throws Exception {
        ResultActions resultActions = mockMvc.perform(get("/users/c240da50-013b-4b3d-8c46-77976e288497")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8));
        MockHttpServletResponse response = resultActions.andReturn().getResponse();
        String contentAsString = response.getContentAsString();
        System.out.println("获取的对象为：" + contentAsString);
    }

    /**
     * 测试获得一个对象②
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void testDetailUser2() throws Exception {
        ResultActions resultActions = mockMvc.perform(get("/getusers").param("id","00232")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8));
        MockHttpServletResponse response = resultActions.andReturn().getResponse();
        String contentAsString = response.getContentAsString();
        System.out.println("获取的对象为：" + contentAsString);
    }

    /**
     * 测试删除一个对象
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void testDeleteUser() throws Exception {
        ResultActions resultActions = mockMvc.perform(delete("/users/c240da50-013b-4b3d-8c46-77976e288497")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8));
        MockHttpServletResponse response = resultActions.andReturn().getResponse();
        String contentAsString = response.getContentAsString();
        System.out.println("删除一个对象为：" + contentAsString);
    }

    /**
     * 测试修改一个对象
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void testPutUser() throws Exception {
        ResultActions resultActions = mockMvc.perform(put("/users/c240da50-013b-4b3d-8c46-77976e288497")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8));
        MockHttpServletResponse response = resultActions.andReturn().getResponse();
        String contentAsString = response.getContentAsString();
        System.out.println("修改一个对象为：" + contentAsString);
    }

    /**
     * 测试添加一个对象
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void testPostUser() throws Exception {
        ResultActions resultActions = mockMvc.perform(post("/saveAdd").param("userName", "test").param("age", "18")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8));
        MockHttpServletResponse response = resultActions.andReturn().getResponse();
        String contentAsString = response.getContentAsString();
        System.out.println("添加一个对象为：" + contentAsString);
    }

    /**
     * 测试获得所有对象
     *
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void testGetAllUser() throws Exception {
        ResultActions resultActions = mockMvc.perform(get("/users")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andDo(print())
                .andExpect(content().contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8));
        MockHttpServletResponse response = resultActions.andReturn().getResponse();
        String contentAsString = response.getContentAsString();
        System.out.println("获得所有对象为：" + contentAsString);
    }
}