Nginx的https配置记录以及http强制跳转到https的方法梳理

 

一、Nginx安装（略）
安装的时候需要注意加上 --with-http_ssl_module，因为http_ssl_module不属于Nginx的基本模块。
Nginx安装方法：

# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module # make && make install

二、生成证书(略)
可以使用openssl生成证书：
可参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/5865501.html
比如生成如下两个证书文件（假设存放路径为/usr/local/nginx/cert/）：
wangshibo.crt
wangshibo.key

三、修改Nginx配置
server {
          listen 443;
          server_name www.wangshibo.com;
          root /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/httpdocs/main/;

          ssl on;
          ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.crt;
          ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/cert/wangshibo.key;
          ssl_session_timeout 5m;
          ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
          ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;                                            //或者是ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
          ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

          access_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main;
          error_log /var/www/vhosts/www.wangshibo.com/logs/clickstream_error_ssl.log;

         if ($remote_addr !~ ^(124.165.97.144|133.110.186.128|133.110.186.88)) {           //对访问的来源ip做白名单限制
                rewrite ^.*$ /maintence.php last;
         }

         location ~ \.php$ {
              fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
              fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
              fastcgi_index index.php;
              fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
             #include fastcgi_params;
             include fastcgi.conf;
         }
}

------------------------------http访问强制跳转到https-----------------------------
网站添加了https证书后，当http方式访问网站时就会报404错误，所以需要做http到https的强制跳转设置.

 

---------------一、采用nginx的rewrite方法---------------------

1) 下面是将所有的http请求通过rewrite重写到https上。 例如将所有的dev.wangshibo.com域名的http访问强制跳转到https。 下面配置均可以实现： 配置1： server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent; //这是ngixn早前的写法，现在还可以使用。
 location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } ------------------------------------------------------- 上面的跳转配置rewrite ^(.*)$  https://$host$1 permanent;
也可以改为下面 rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com/$1 permanent;
或者 rewrite ^ http://dev.wangshibo.com$request_uri? permanent;
------------------------------------------------------- 配置2： server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri; //这是nginx最新支持的写法
 location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } 配置3：这种方式适用于多域名的时候，即访问wangshibo.com的http也会强制跳转到https://dev.wangshibo.com上面
server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; if ($host ~* "^wangshibo.com$") { rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://dev.wangshibo.com/ permanent;
 } location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } 配置4：下面是最简单的一种配置 server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; if ($host = "dev.wangshibo.com") { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://dev.wangshibo.com permanent;
 } location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } }

---------------二、采用nginx的497状态码---------------------

497 - normal request was sent to HTTPS 解释：当网站只允许https访问时，当用http访问时nginx会报出497错误码 思路： 利用error_page命令将497状态码的链接重定向到https://dev.wangshibo.com这个域名上
 配置实例： 如下访问dev.wangshibo.com或者wangshibo.com的http都会被强制跳转到https server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args; 
 location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } 也可以将80和443的配置放在一起： server { listen 127.0.0.1:443; #ssl端口 listen 127.0.0.1:80; #用户习惯用http访问，加上80，后面通过497状态码让它自动跳到443端口 server_name dev.wangshibo.com; #为一个server{......}开启ssl支持 ssl on; #指定PEM格式的证书文件 ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/wangshibo.pem; #指定PEM格式的私钥文件 ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/wangshibo.key; #让http请求重定向到https请求 error_page 497  https://$host$uri?$args; 
 location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } }

---------------三、利用meta的刷新作用将http跳转到https---------------------

上述的方法均会耗费服务器的资源，可以借鉴百度使用的方法：巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用，将http跳转到https 可以基于http://dev.wangshibo.com的虚拟主机路径下写一个index.html，内容就是http向https的跳转
 将下面的内容追加到index.html首页文件内 [root@localhost ~]# cat /var/www/html/8080/index.html <html> 
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://dev.wangshibo.com/"> 
</html> [root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/test.conf server { listen 80; server_name dev.wangshibo.com wangshibo.com *.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8080-error.log; #将404的页面重定向到https的首页 error_page 404 https://dev.wangshibo.com/; 
 location ~ / { root /var/www/html/8080; index index.html index.php index.htm; } }

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下面是nginx反代tomcat，并且http强制跳转至https。
访问http://zrx.wangshibo.com和访问http://172.29.34.33:8080/zrx/结果是一样的

[root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat zrx.conf server { listen 80; server_name zrx.wangshibo.com; index index.html index.php index.htm; access_log logs/access.log; error_log logs/error.log; return      301 https://$server_name$request_uri; 
 location ~ / { root /data/nginx/html; index index.html index.php index.htm; } } [root@BJLX_34_33_V vhosts]# cat ssl-zrx.conf upstream tomcat8 { server 172.29.34.33:8080 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s; } server { listen 443; server_name zrx.wangshibo.com; ssl on; ### SSL log files ### access_log logs/ssl-access.log; error_log logs/ssl-error.log; ### SSL cert files ### ssl_certificate ssl/wangshibo.cer; ssl_certificate_key ssl/wangshibo.key; ssl_session_timeout 5m; location / { proxy_pass http://tomcat8/zrx/; 
 proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; proxy_redirect off; } }

---------------四、通过proxy_redirec方式---------------------

解决办法： # re-write redirects to http as to https, example: /home proxy_redirect http:// https://;