一，flask-sqlalchemy
安装
pip3 install flask-sqlalchemy
1，在app文件的__init__.py,导入，并实例化
注意：必须在导入蓝图之前，必须导入models
2，初始化：实例.init_app(app)
from flask import Flask from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy db=SQLAlchemy() from .views.user import us from .models import *
def create_app(): app=Flask(__name__) app.config.from_object("settings.ProConfig") app.register_blueprint(us) db.init_app(app) return app
3，配置文件
class BaseConfig(object): SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI="mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/gl?charset=utf8" SQLALCHEMY_POOL_SIZE=5 SQLALCHEMY_MAX_OVERFLOW=5
4，创建models.py中的类(表)
注：models.py中的类，继承 实例.Model
from sqlalchemy import Column from sqlalchemy import Integer,String from gl import db class Users(db.Model): __tablename__ = 'users' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=False) depart_id = Column(Integer)
5,生成表（使用app上下文）
from gl import db,create_app app=create_app() app_ctx=app.app_context() #app_ctx=app/g with app_ctx: #__enter__通过LocalStark放入Local中 db.create_all() # 调用LocalStack放入Local中获取app，再去app中获取配置
做完上面的几步就可使用orm对数据库进行操作了。
from flask import Blueprint from chun import db from chun import models us = Blueprint('us',__name__) @us.route('/index') def index(): # 使用SQLAlchemy在数据库中插入一条数据
# db.session.add(models.Users(name='高',depart_id=1))
# db.session.commit()
# db.session.remove()
result = db.session.query(models.Users).all() print(result) db.session.remove() return 'Index'
二，flask-script
安装
pip3 install flask-script
1,runserver
from chun import create_app from flask_script import Manager app = create_app() manager = Manager(app) if __name__ == '__main__': manager.run()
然后就可以用runserver来启动项目了
python manage.py runserver
2，自定义命令
1，位置传参
from chun import create_app from flask_script import Manager app = create_app() manager = Manager(app) @manager.command def custom(arg): """ 自定义命令 python manage.py custom 123 :param arg: :return: """
print(arg) if __name__ == '__main__': manager.run()
2,关键字传参
from chun import create_app from flask_script import Manager app = create_app() manager = Manager(app) @manager.option('-n', '--name', dest='name') @manager.option('-u', '--url', dest='url') def cmd(name, url): """ 自定义命令 执行： python manage.py cmd -n wupeiqi -u http://www.oldboyedu.com :param name: :param url: :return: """ rint(name, url) if __name__ == '__main__': manager.run()
三，flask-migrate（依赖flask-script）
安装
pip3 install flask-migrate
功能：数据库迁移
from flask_script import Manager from flask_migrate import Migrate, MigrateCommand from chun import create_app from chun import db app = create_app() manager = Manager(app) Migrate(app, db) """ # 数据库迁移命名 python manage.py db init python manage.py db migrate # makemirations python manage.py db upgrade # migrate """ manager.add_command('db', MigrateCommand) @manager.command def custom(arg): """ 自定义命令 python manage.py custom 123 :param arg: :return: """
print(arg) @manager.option('-n', '--name', dest='name') @manager.option('-u', '--url', dest='url') def cmd(name, url): """ 自定义命令 执行： python manage.py cmd -n wupeiqi -u http://www.oldboyedu.com :param name: :param url: :return: """
print(name, url) if __name__ == '__main__': # app.run()
manager.run()