1、设置图形对象属性值
set(h,'属性名称','属性值')
>> subplot(1,2,1); h1=line([0 1],[0 1]); text(0,0.5,'unchange'); subplot(1,2,2); h2=line([0 1],[0 1]); set(h2,'linewidth',4); text(0,0.5,'change');
2、基本二维绘图函数
- plot
x=0:0.25:2*pi; y=sin(x); plot(x,y,'-ro','linewidth',2,'markeredgecolor','b','markerfacecolor','0.49,1,0.65','markersize',14); >> xlabel('x'); >> ylabel('y')
2. loglog：双对数坐标绘图
>> x=logspace(-1,2); loglog(x,exp(x),'-s'); grid on xlabel('x') ylabel('y')
3. semilogx,semilogy：半对数坐标绘图
>> x=-10:0.001:10; semilogy(x,2.^x);
4. polar：极坐标绘图
>> t=0:0.01:10; polar(t,sin(2*t).*cos(2*t),'--.g')
5. plotyy：双纵坐标绘图
>> x=0:0.1:20; >> y1=200*exp(-0.05*x).*sin(x); >> y2=0.8*exp(-0.5*x).*sin(10*x); >> ax=plotyy(x,y1,x,y2,'plot');xlabel('x'); >> set(get(ax(1),'ylabel'),'string','left y'); >> set(get(ax(2),'ylabel'),'string','right y');
3、二维图形修饰和添加注释（help+...）
- hold：图形保持
- axis：设置坐标系的刻度及显示方式
- box：显示或隐藏坐标框
- grid：为当前坐标系添加或消除网格
- title：添加标题
- xlabel、ylabel：为当前坐标轴添加标签
- text：在当前坐标系中添加文本对象
- gtext：在当前坐标系中交互式添加文本对象
- legend：在当前坐标系中添加 line 对象和 patch 对象的图形标注框
- annotation：在当前图形窗口建立注释对象（annotation对象）
- subplot：绘制子图，即在当前图形窗口以平铺的方式创建多个坐标系
>> t=linspace(0,2*pi,60); >> x=cos(t); >> y=sin(t); >> plot(t,x,'b:','linewidth',3); >> hold on; >> plot(t,y,'r-.','linewidth',1); >> plot(x,y,'g-','linewidth',2.5); >> axis equal; >> xlabel('X'); >> ylabel('Y'); >> legend('x=cos(t)','y=sin(t)','x^2+y^2=1','location','northeast');
>> p=[3 1;1 4]; r=5; [v,d]=eig(p);%求特征值，化为标准方程 a=sqrt(r/d(1));%椭圆长半轴 b=sqrt(r/d(4)); t=linspace(0,2*pi,60); xy=v*[a*cos(t);b*sin(t)]; plot(xy(1,:),xy(2,:),'k','linewidth',3); h=annotation('textarrow',[0.606 0.65],[0.55 0.65]); set(h,'String','3x^2+2xy+4y^2=5','FontSize',15); h=title('tuo yuan qu xian','FontSize',18,'FontWeight','bold');%加粗 set(h,'Position',[-0.00345622 1.35769 1.00011]); axis([-1.5 1.5 -1.2 1.7]); xlabel('X'); ylabel('Y');
>> a=[-19.6749 22.2118 5.0905]; x=0:0.01:1; y=a(1)+a(2)/2*(x-0.17).^2+a(3)/4*(x-0.17).^4; plot(x,y); text('interpreter','latex','string',['$$ -19.6749+\frac{22.2118}{2}(x-0.17)^2'...]) '+\frac{5.0905}{4}(x-0.17)^4 $$'],'position',[0.05,-12],'fontsize',12);
- \frac{22.2118}{2}：22.2118 / 2
- \alpha：α
- \beta：beta
help text properties
4、修饰图形
>> x=linspace(0,2*pi,60); >> y=sin(x); >> h=plot(x,y); >> grid on; >> set(h,'color','k','LineWidth',2); >> xticklabel={'0','pi/2','pi','3pi/2','2pi'}; >> set(gca,'xtick',[0:pi/2:2*pi],'XTickLabel',xticklabel,'TickDir','out'); >> xlabel('0\leq\theta\leq2\pi'); >> ylabel('sin(\theta)'); >> text(8*pi/9,sin(8*pi/9),'\leftarrow sin(8\pi\div 9)','HorizontalAlignment','left'); >> axis([0 2*pi -1 1]);
5、常用统计绘图函数
>> x=normrnd(0,1,1000,1); %产生1000个标准正态分布随机数 hist(x,20);%绘制直方图 xlabel('样本数据'); ylabel('频数'); figure; %新建一个图形窗口 cdfplot(x)
>> subplot(3,3,1); >> f=@(x)200*sin(x)./x;%定义匿名函数 >> fplot(f,[-20,20]); >> title('y=200*sin(x)/x'); >>
>> subplot(3,3,2); >> ezplot('x^2+y^2=1',[-1.1 1.1]); >> axis equal; >>
>> subplot(3,3,3); >> ezpolar('1+cos(t)'); >>
>> subplot(3,3,4); >> x=[10 10 25 35 20]; >> name={'a','b','c','d','e'}; >> explode=[0 0 0 0 1]; >> pie(x,explode,name); >>
>> subplot(3,3,6); >> stem(-2*pi:0.5:2*pi,sin(-2*pi:0.5:2*pi)); >>
>> subplot(3,3,5); >> stairs(-2*pi:0.5:2*pi,sin(-2*pi:0.5:2*pi));
>> >> subplot(3,3,7); >> z=eig(randn(20,20)); >> compass(z); >>
>> subplot(3,3,8); >> theta=(-90:10:90)*pi/180; >> r=2*ones(size(theta)); >> [u,v]=pol2cart(theta,r); >> feather(u,v); >>
>> subplot(3,3,9); >> t=(1/16:1/8:1)'*2*pi;
>> fill(sin(t),cos(t),'r'); >> axis square;
5、三维图形绘制
利用 mesh 和 surf 之前，应先产生图形对象的网格数据 --> meshgrid
>> t=linspace(0,10*pi,300); >> plot3(20*sin(t),20*cos(t),t,'b','linewidth',2); >> hold on; >> quiver3(0,0,0,1,0,0,25,'k','filled','linewidth',2); >> quiver3(0,0,0,0,1,0,25,'k','filled','linewidth',2); >> quiver3(0,0,0,0,0,1,40,'k','filled','linewidth',2); >> grid on; >> xlabel('x');ylabel('y');zlabel('z'); >> axis([-25 25 -25 25 0 40]); >> view(-210,30);
>> [x,y]=meshgrid(1:4 , 2:5) x =
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 y =
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
>> plot(x,y,'r',x',y','b',x,y,'k.','MarkerSize',18); >> axis([0 5 1 6]);
eg:绘制三维曲面 z=xe-(x2+y2) 的等高线图和梯度场
>> [x,y]=meshgrid(-2:.2:2); z=x.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2); [dx,dy]=gradient(z,0.2,0.2); contour(x,y,z); hold on; quiver(x,y,dx,dy); h=get(gca,'children');
>> ezsurf('u*sin(v)','u*cos(v)','4*v',[-2*pi,2*pi,-2*pi,2*pi]);
>> subplot(1,2,1); >> [x,y]=meshgrid(0:0.25:4,-2:.25:2); >> z=sin(x).*cos(y); >> [nx,ny,nz]=surfnorm(x,y,z);%计算法线方向 >> surf(x,y,z); >> hold on; >> quiver3(x,y,z,nx,ny,nz,0.5); >> axis(0 4 -2 2 -1 1); >> axis([0 4 -2 2 -1 1]); >> subplot(1,2,2); >> t=linspace(-2,2,20); >> [x,y,z]=meshgrid(t); >> [x,y,z]=meshgrid(t,t,t); >> v=x.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2-z.^2); >> xslice=2; >> yslice=2; >> xslice=[-1.2,.8,2]; >> zslice=[-2,0]; >> slice(x,y,z,v,xslice,yslice,zslice);
6、三维图形的修饰
colormap：绘图色彩调整
shading：着色效果
alpha：透明度
light：光源
lighting：光照模式
material：对光反射效果
view：调整视点
>> %立方体顶点坐标 >> vert=[0 0 0;0 200 0;200 200 0;200 0 0;0 0 100;...] 0 200 100;200 200 100;200 0 100]; >> fac=[1 2 3 4;2 6 7 3;4 3 7 8;1 5 8 4;1 2 6 5;5 6 7 8]; >> view(3); h=patch('faces',fac,'vertices',vert,'facecolor','g'); set(h,'facealpha',0.25); hold on; [x0,y0,z0]=sphere; >> x=30+30*x0;y=50+30*y0;z=50+30*z0; >> h1=surf(x,y,z,'linestyle','none','facecolor','b','edgecolor','none'); >> lightangle(45,30);%建立光源并设置光源视角 >> lighting phong; >> axis equal;
7、图形导出到文件
hgexport
saveas：saveas(h,'filename.ext')
saveas(h,'filename','format') ------------ format:扩展名（字符串）
8、动画制作
（1）彗星运行轨迹动画
comet, comet3
>> t=linspace(0,10*pi,2000); >> x=t.*cos(t); >> y=t.*sin(t); >> comet(x,y)
（2）霓虹闪烁动画
spinmap
>> sphere >> axis equal >> axis off >> spinmap(10,1)
（3）电影动画
getframe movie
>> x=linspace(-2,2,100); >> [x,y,z]=meshgrid(x,x,x); >> v=(x.^2+9/4*y.^2+z.^2-1).^3-x.^2.*z.^3-9/80*y.^2.*z.^3; >> p=patch(isosurface(x,y,z,v,0)); >> set(p,'facecolor','red','edgecolor','none'); >> view(3) >> axis equal; >> axis off >> light('posi',[0 -2 3]) >> lighting phong >> set(gca,'nextplot','replacechildren') >> xx=get(p,'XData'); >> yy=get(p,'yData'); zz=get(p,'ZData'); for j=1:20 bibi=sin(pi*j/20); set(p,'XData',bibi*xx,'YData',bibi*yy,'ZData',bibi*zz) f(j)=getframe; end >> movie(f,10)
%是个心跳