FreeNAS 安装与配置（版本9.3 与11.04)

一、创建虚拟机

1.FreeNAS 是基于 FreeBSD 的

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4. 操作系统版本选择“FreeBSD“

因为我下载的 FreeNAS 的版本是 32 位的，所以这里选择 “FreeBSD”。

如果你下载的 FreeNAS 的版本是 64 位的，要选择 "FreeBSD 64位"。

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6.选择处理器

7. 内存配置为 1G 就够用了

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10. 虚拟磁盘类型-->SCSI(S)

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12. 磁盘大小设置为 10G 就够用了，因为这块盘上仅安装 FreeNAS 系统，不需要太大空间。

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14. 点击“自定义硬件”

15. 删除不必要的设备，如 USB 控制器、声卡。

16. 点击“关闭”

17. 点击“完成”

18. 点击 “编辑虚拟机设置”，添加用于存储数据的硬盘。

19. 点击 "添加"

20. 点击 "硬盘" --> 点击 "下一步"

21. 选择 "SCSI(S)" --> 点击 "下一步"

22.

23. 磁盘容量设置为 100G

24. 点击 "完成"

25. 重复 19-24 的步骤，再添加 3 块同样的磁盘，添加完成后入下图所示。

二、安装 FreeNAS

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28. 选择大小为 10G 的硬盘

29. 选择 "Yes"，键入回车确认。

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三、配置 FreeNAS

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38. 确认 FreeNAS 可以和宿主机通信

39. 在浏览器地址栏中输入 http://192.168.147.111，通过 WEB 页面管理 FreeNAS。

40. 右上角 Alert 图标有告警，点击查看，提示你修改 admin 用户密码。

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42. 修改 admin 用户密码

43. 密码修改成功

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45. 添加卷

卷类型说明：

• Stripe: 至少需要一个磁盘
• Mirror: 至少需要两个磁盘
• RAIDZ1: 至少需要三个磁盘
• RAIDZ2: 至少需要四个磁盘
• RAIDZ3: 至少需要五个磁盘
• log device: 至少需要一个专用设备，建议使用快速，低延迟，电源保护的SSD
• cache device: 至少需要一个专用设备，建议使用SSD

在添加卷按钮警告说， 现有的数据将被清除。换句话说，创建新卷将重新格式化选定的磁盘。如果要保留现有数据，请单击“ 取消”按钮并参考 导入磁盘和导入卷来查看是否支持现有格式。如果是，请执行该操作。如果当前存储格式不受支持，则需要将数据备份到外部介质，格式化磁盘，然后将数据恢复到新卷。

 

4 块硬盘，用 RaidZ2 方式。

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48. 开启 iSCSI 服务

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50. 12 ≤ 密码长度 ≤ 16

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69. 在 iSCSI 属性中开启 CHAP 验证，选择组1。

三、Winodws 客户端配置

这里以 Winodws 7 为例

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71. 点击 "发现门户"

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76. 点击 "连接"

77. 点击 "高级"

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82. 点击 "取消"

83. 可以看到 iSCSI 磁盘了

二、linux客户端连接iscsi共享存储

linux访问iscsi详细操作

#安装配置 iscsi-initiator

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install iscsi-initiator-utils
[root@localhost ~]# service iscsid start

#连接到iscsi共享存储

[root@localhost ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.1.230
192.168.1.230:3260,1 iqn.2011-03.org.example.istgt:iscsiwin8
192.168.1.230:3260,1 iqn.2011-03.org.example.istgt:iscsilinux

#登录到iscsi共享存储  

[root@localhost ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2011-03.org.example.istgt:iscsilinux -p 192.168.1.230:3260 -l
Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2011-03.org.example.istgt:iscsilinux, portal: 192.168.1.230,3260] (multiple)
Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2011-03.org.example.istgt:iscsilinux, portal: 192.168.1.134,3260] successful.

#查看磁盘信息，可以看到多出一块硬盘设备。

[root@localhost data]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a43f1

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1026048   419430399   209202176   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 205.8 GB, 205759971328 bytes, 401874944 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 8455 MB, 8455716864 bytes, 16515072 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 1048576 bytes

 

#对设备进行格式化

[root@localhost data]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xd96b07f4.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-209715199, default 209715199): 
Using default value 209715199
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost data]# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.

#格式化完成检查

[root@localhost data]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a43f1

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     1026047      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         1026048   419430399   209202176   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 205.8 GB, 205759971328 bytes, 401874944 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 8455 MB, 8455716864 bytes, 16515072 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 1048576 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd96b07f4

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   209715199   104856576   83  Linux

#指定分区格式

[root@localhost data]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
6553600 inodes, 26214144 blocks
1310707 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2174746624
800 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
    4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done   

#挂载并写入文件

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/iscsi

[root@localhost ~]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /data/iscsi/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 192G 1.4G 191G 1% /
devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 8.7M 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 108M 390M 22% /boot
tmpfs 797M 0 797M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 99G 61M 94G 1% /data/iscsi

#设置开机自动挂载

echo "/dev/sdb1 /data/iscsi/ ext4 defaults 0 0"  >> /etc/fstab

#检查

[root@localhost mnt]# cat /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Nov 10 19:40:13 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=115aec57-6962-443e-9878-943f3e207a84 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1               /data/iscsi/            ext4    defaults        0 0

 #查看并创建文件

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root  192G  1.4G  191G   1% /
devtmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G  8.6M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                497M  108M  390M  22% /boot
tmpfs                    797M     0  797M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1                 99G   61M   94G   1% /data/iscsi

[root@localhost ~]# cd /data/iscsi/
[root@localhost iscsi]# touch test2
[root@localhost iscsi]# ll
total 16
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Nov 22 11:30 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Nov 22 11:59 test2

#卸载挂载的分区

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sdb1

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root  192G  1.4G  191G   1% /
devtmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G  8.6M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                497M  108M  390M  22% /boot
tmpfs                    797M     0  797M   0% /run/user/0

 

 

---

 

FreeNas11.04 配置iscsi

1、全局配置

 2、采用不认证的方式

 3、配置后的效果

4、配置认证网络

5、ALL 或192.168.1.1/24 (某一网段)

6、配置共享账号

配置共享账号效果如下：

7、配置Targent不认证方式访问

8、配置共享目录名称，位置，大小，硬盘RPM.

9、Extents配置完成效果图

10、设置Associated Targets

11、点发现（Discovery）---->Discover Portal:输入IP和端口号--->ok。（其它地方直接用默认设置，即可）

12、Targets(查看连接状态）

13、点磁盘管理，会弹出（检测到了新硬盘），指定GPT格式，再分区格式化，即可使用。

、

如果之前挂载过相同的iscsi磁盘，再挂载时会报错，只需点再Rescan Disks即可，修复。

 

14、linux下Targets连接方法

#注意他们的端口号是不一样的(备注：默认3260时，可以不指定端口号 )

[root@template ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.1.140

#如果改了端口号，在后面要指定端口号
[root@template ~]# iscsiadm -m discovery -t sendtargets -p 192.168.1.140:3261
192.168.1.140:3261,2 iqn.gitlab.11.0

15、登录到共享存储（备注：这里测试登录不同端口的共享盘）

[root@template ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.gitlab.11.0 -p 192.168.1.140:3261 -l

Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.gitlab.11.0, portal: 192.168.1.140,3261] (multiple)
Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.gitlab.11.0, portal: 192.168.1.140,3261] successful.

16、卸载iscsi

[root@next-cloud-server ~]# iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.netcloud.11.0 -u
Logging out of session [sid: 1, target: iqn.netcloud.11.0, portal: 10.0.101.6,3261]
Logout of [sid: 1, target: iqn.netcloud.11.0, portal: 10.0.101.6,3261] successful.

　　

17、实现iscsi自动挂载磁盘

• Fedora25设置开机自动挂载

#配置iscsi自动发现
cat /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi
InitiatorName=iqn.netcloud.11.0

#重新启动服务
systemctl restart iscsid
systemctl status iscsid
systemctl enable iscsid

#设置开机自动挂载
[root@next-cloud-server ~]# vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#mount iscsi disk 5TB
sleep 10
mount -t xfs /dev/sda /data

#授权
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

#添加服务
[root@next-cloud-server ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/rc-local.service

# This file is part of systemd.
#
# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.

# This unit gets pulled automatically into multi-user.target by
# systemd-rc-local-generator if /etc/rc.d/rc.local is executable.
[Unit]
Description=/etc/rc.d/rc.local Compatibility
ConditionFileIsExecutable=/etc/rc.d/rc.local
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/rc.local start
TimeoutSec=0
RemainAfterExit=yes
GuessMainPID=no

#添加下面两行代码，实现rc-local作为服务启动
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

#启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl start rc-local.service   （备注：去掉这行）
systemctl enable rc-local.service

 

 参考：http://blog.csdn.net/u013372441/article/details/77414471

 

18、挂载分区5T

分区

fdisk /dev/sda

g   #大于5tb

再回车分区到完成

partprobe 

mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sda
mount -t xfs /dev/sda /data/