一、通过系统更换源
第一步：备份原来的源文件
cd /etc/apt/
然后会显示下面的源文件sources.list
输入命令
sudo cp sources.list sources.list.bak
就是将sources.list备份到sources.list.bak
第二步：替换源
阿里云源的文件
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
##测试版源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 源码
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
##测试版源
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# Canonical 合作伙伴和附加
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ xenial partner
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
替换并保存
sudo gedit sources.list打开文件，替换成阿里云文件即可
第三步：更新源和软件
sudo apt-get update 更新源
sudo apt-get upgrade 更新软件
二、通过dockerfile更换ubuntu镜像中的源为阿里源
在dockerfile中增加如下步骤：
RUN sed -i s/archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g /etc/apt/sources.list \
&& sed -i s/security.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g /etc/apt/sources.list \
&& apt-get update && apt-get upgrade