Django URLs error: view must be a callable or a list/tuple in the case of include()

我现在的Django version 是 1.11.2,

the folling solution is come from stackoverflow:
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-----question:

After upgrading to Django 1.10,I get the error:

　　TypeError: view must be a callable or a list/tuple in the case of include().

My urls.py is as follows:

urlpatterns = [

 url(r'^$', 'myapp.views.home'), url(r'^contact/$', 'myapp.views.contact'), url(r'^login/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.login'), ]

After upgrading to Django 1.10, I get the error:

TypeError: view must be a callable or a list/tuple in the case of include().

My urls.py is as follows:

urlpatterns = [ url(r'^$', 'myapp.views.home'), url(r'^contact/$', 'myapp.views.contact'), url(r'^login/$', 'django.contrib.auth.views.login'), ]

The full traceback is:

Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 226, in wrapper fn(*args, **kwargs) File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 121, in inner_run self.check(display_num_errors=True) File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 385, in check include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks, File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 372, in _run_checks return checks.run_checks(**kwargs) File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 81, in run_checks new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs) File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 14, in check_url_config return check_resolver(resolver) File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 24, in check_resolver for pattern in resolver.url_patterns: File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 35, in __get__ res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance) File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 310, in url_patterns patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module) File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 35, in __get__ res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance) File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 303, in urlconf_module return import_module(self.urlconf_name) File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module __import__(name) File "/Users/alasdair/dev/urlproject/urlproject/urls.py", line 28, in <module> url(r'^$', 'myapp.views.home'), File "/Users/alasdair/.virtualenvs/django110/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/urls/__init__.py", line 85, in url raise TypeError('view must be a callable or a list/tuple in the case of include().') TypeError: view must be a callable or a list/tuple in the case of include().

 

-------the solutions:

Django 1.10 no longer allows you to specify views as a string (e.g. 'myapp.views.home') in your URL patterns.

The solution is to update your urls.py to include the view callable. This means that you have to import the view in your urls.py. If your URL patterns don't have names, then now is a good time to add one, because reversing with the dotted python path no longer works.

　　

from django.contrib.auth.views import login from myapp.views import home, contact urlpatterns = [ url(r'^$', home, name='home'), url(r'^contact/$', contact, name='contact'), url(r'^login/$', login, name='login'), ]

If there are many views, then importing them individually can be inconvenient. An alternative is to import the views module from your app.
　

from django.contrib.auth import views as auth_views from myapp import views as myapp_views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^$', myapp_views.home, name='home'), url(r'^contact/$', myapp_views.contact, name='contact'), url(r'^login/$', auth_views.login, name='login'), ]

Note that we have used as myapp_views and as auth_views, which allows us to import the views.py from multiple apps without them clashing.

See the Django URL dispatcher docs for more information about urlpatterns.