（一）介绍
pytest是一个非常成熟的全功能的Python测试框架，主要特点有以下几点：1、简单灵活，容易上手；2、支持参数化；3、能够支持简单的单元测试和复杂的功能测试，还可以用来做selenium/appnium等自动化测试、接口自动化测试（pytest+requests）;4、pytest具有很多第三方插件，并且可以自定义扩展，比较好用的如pytest-selenium（集成selenium）、pytest-html（完美html测试报告生成）、pytest-rerunfailures（失败case重复执行）、pytest-xdist（多CPU分发）等；5、测试用例的skip和xfail处理；6、可以很好的和jenkins集成；（二）安装
pip install -U pytest
pip install -U pytest-html
pip install -U pytest-rerunfailures
此外还有很多很好的第三方插件，请到http://plugincompat.herokuapp.com/ 和 https://pypi.python.org/pypi?%3Aaction=search&term=pytest-&submit=search 查找
（三）例子
这里列几个pytest-document中的例子
1、默认执行当前目录下的所有以test_为前缀(test_*.py)或以_test为后缀(*_test.py)的文件中以test_为前缀的函数
import pytest # content of test_sample.py def func(x): return x + 1 def test_answer(): assert func(3) == 5
运行 py.test 或 指定特定文件 py.test -q test_sample.py
2、使用类来组成多个用例的
import pytest # content of test_class.py class TestClass: def test_one(self): x = "this" assert 'h' in x def test_two(self): x = "hello" assert hasattr(x, 'check')
3、在python中调用pytest: python test_class.py
import pytest # content of test_class.py class TestClass: def test_one(self): print 'one' x = "this" assert 'h' in x def test_two(self): print 'two' x = "hello" assert hasattr(x, 'check') if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main("-q --html=a.html")
4、来个支持参数化的例子，参数化使用pytest.mark.parametrize的参数，第一个为变量的元组，第二个是变量赋值的元组列表，具体下面的章节会仔细介绍
# content of test_time.py import pytest from datetime import datetime, timedelta testdata = [ (datetime(2001, 12, 12), datetime(2001, 12, 11), timedelta(1)), (datetime(2001, 12, 11), datetime(2001, 12, 12), timedelta(-1)), ] @pytest.mark.parametrize("a,b,expected", testdata) def test_timedistance_v0(a, b, expected): diff = a - b assert diff == expected @pytest.mark.parametrize("a,b,expected", testdata, ids=["forward", "backward"]) def test_timedistance_v1(a, b, expected): diff = a - b assert diff == expected def idfn(val): if isinstance(val, (datetime,)): # note this wouldn't show any hours/minutes/seconds return val.strftime('%Y%m%d') @pytest.mark.parametrize("a,b,expected", testdata, ids=idfn) def test_timedistance_v2(a, b, expected): diff = a - b assert diff == expected
