C# 防止当前用户修改url中id参数访问其他用户信息

前言 

如标题，当我们看到地址栏中参数是这样的：http://localhost:5955/Edit/Index？Id=123的时候，我们很清楚知道，这是根据用户ID获取到了用户详细信息。

但是这样存在一个问题。如果后台程序没有做任何限制和处理的情况下，A用户可以修改参数Id的值，从而查看到其他用户信息。这里提供一个解决思路，前台给Id加上唯一的票据 Token，新url地址如下：

http://localhost:5955/Edit/Index?token=9a6b59da46371d86eb75259c956aee4b580c0119&id=123

可以通过前台用js加密Id传入到token中，后台用相同的加密方式对Id进行加密或者解密看看是否是相同的值，如果是，则表明是当前登陆用户访问该页面，如果不是，则可提示不可越级访问。

加密方式

这里是采用Sha1，JS文件如下：

/*
 * A JavaScript implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm, SHA-1, as defined
 * in FIPS PUB 180-1
 * Version 2.1-BETA Copyright Paul Johnston 2000 - 2002.
 * Other contributors: Greg Holt, Andrew Kepert, Ydnar, Lostinet
 * Distributed under the BSD License
 * See http://pajhome.org.uk/crypt/md5 for details.
 */
/*
 * Configurable variables. You may need to tweak these to be compatible with
 * the server-side, but the defaults work in most cases.
 */
var hexcase = 0; /* hex output format. 0 - lowercase; 1 - uppercase     */
var b64pad = ""; /* base-64 pad character. "=" for strict RFC compliance  */
var chrsz = 8; /* bits per input character. 8 - ASCII; 16 - Unicode    */
/*
 * These are the functions you'll usually want to call
 * They take string arguments and return either hex or base-64 encoded strings
 */
function hex_sha1(s) {
    return binb2hex(core_sha1(str2binb(s), s.length * chrsz));
}
function b64_sha1(s) {
    return binb2b64(core_sha1(str2binb(s), s.length * chrsz));
}
function str_sha1(s) {
    return binb2str(core_sha1(str2binb(s), s.length * chrsz));
}
function hex_hmac_sha1(key, data) {
    return binb2hex(core_hmac_sha1(key, data));
}
function b64_hmac_sha1(key, data) {
    return binb2b64(core_hmac_sha1(key, data));
}
function str_hmac_sha1(key, data) {
    return binb2str(core_hmac_sha1(key, data));
}
/*
 * Perform a simple self-test to see if the VM is working
 */
function sha1_vm_test() {
    return hex_sha1("abc") == "a9993e364706816aba3e25717850c26c9cd0d89d";
}
/*
 * Calculate the SHA-1 of an array of big-endian words, and a bit length
 */
function core_sha1(x, len) {
    /* append padding */
    x[len >> 5] |= 0x80 << (24 - len % 32);
    x[((len + 64 >> 9) << 4) + 15] = len;
    var w = Array(80);
    var a = 1732584193;
    var b = -271733879;
    var c = -1732584194;
    var d = 271733878;
    var e = -1009589776;
    for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i += 16) {
        var olda = a;
        var oldb = b;
        var oldc = c;
        var oldd = d;
        var olde = e;
        for (var j = 0; j < 80; j++) {
            if (j < 16) w[j] = x[i + j];
            else w[j] = rol(w[j - 3] ^ w[j - 8] ^ w[j - 14] ^ w[j - 16], 1);
            var t = safe_add(safe_add(rol(a, 5), sha1_ft(j, b, c, d)), safe_add(safe_add(e, w[j]), sha1_kt(j)));
            e = d;
            d = c;
            c = rol(b, 30);
            b = a;
            a = t;
        }
        a = safe_add(a, olda);
        b = safe_add(b, oldb);
        c = safe_add(c, oldc);
        d = safe_add(d, oldd);
        e = safe_add(e, olde);
    }
    return Array(a, b, c, d, e);
}
/*
 * Perform the appropriate triplet combination function for the current
 * iteration
 */
function sha1_ft(t, b, c, d) {
    if (t < 20) return (b & c) | ((~b) & d);
    if (t < 40) return b ^ c ^ d;
    if (t < 60) return (b & c) | (b & d) | (c & d);
    return b ^ c ^ d;
}
/*
 * Determine the appropriate additive constant for the current iteration
 */
function sha1_kt(t) {
    return (t < 20) ? 1518500249 : (t < 40) ? 1859775393 : (t < 60) ? -1894007588 : -899497514;
}
/*
 * Calculate the HMAC-SHA1 of a key and some data
 */
function core_hmac_sha1(key, data) {
    var bkey = str2binb(key);
    if (bkey.length > 16) bkey = core_sha1(bkey, key.length * chrsz);
    var ipad = Array(16),
     opad = Array(16);
    for (var i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
        ipad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x36363636;
        opad[i] = bkey[i] ^ 0x5C5C5C5C;
    }
    var hash = core_sha1(ipad.concat(str2binb(data)), 512 + data.length * chrsz);
    return core_sha1(opad.concat(hash), 512 + 160);
}
/*
 * Add integers, wrapping at 2^32. This uses 16-bit operations internally
 * to work around bugs in some JS interpreters.
 */
function safe_add(x, y) {
    var lsw = (x & 0xFFFF) + (y & 0xFFFF);
    var msw = (x >> 16) + (y >> 16) + (lsw >> 16);
    return (msw << 16) | (lsw & 0xFFFF);
}
/*
 * Bitwise rotate a 32-bit number to the left.
 */
function rol(num, cnt) {
    return (num << cnt) | (num >>> (32 - cnt));
}
/*
 * Convert an 8-bit or 16-bit string to an array of big-endian words
 * In 8-bit function, characters >255 have their hi-byte silently ignored.
 */
function str2binb(str) {
    var bin = Array();
    var mask = (1 << chrsz) - 1;
    for (var i = 0; i < str.length * chrsz; i += chrsz)
        bin[i >> 5] |= (str.charCodeAt(i / chrsz) & mask) << (24 - i % 32);
    return bin;
}
/*
 * Convert an array of big-endian words to a string
 */
function binb2str(bin) {
    var str = "";
    var mask = (1 << chrsz) - 1;
    for (var i = 0; i < bin.length * 32; i += chrsz)
        str += String.fromCharCode((bin[i >> 5] >>> (24 - i % 32)) & mask);
    return str;
}
/*
 * Convert an array of big-endian words to a hex string.
 */
function binb2hex(binarray) {
    var hex_tab = hexcase ? "0123456789ABCDEF" : "0123456789abcdef";
    var str = "";
    for (var i = 0; i < binarray.length * 4; i++) {
        str += hex_tab.charAt((binarray[i >> 2] >> ((3 - i % 4) * 8 + 4)) & 0xF) + hex_tab.charAt((binarray[i >> 2] >> ((3 - i % 4) * 8)) & 0xF);
    }
    return str;
}
/*
 * Convert an array of big-endian words to a base-64 string
 */
function binb2b64(binarray) {
    var tab = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
    var str = "";
    for (var i = 0; i < binarray.length * 4; i += 3) {
        var triplet = (((binarray[i >> 2] >> 8 * (3 - i % 4)) & 0xFF) << 16) | (((binarray[i + 1 >> 2] >> 8 * (3 - (i + 1) % 4)) & 0xFF) << 8) | ((binarray[i + 2 >> 2] >> 8 * (3 - (i + 2) % 4)) & 0xFF);
        for (var j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
            if (i * 8 + j * 6 > binarray.length * 32) str += b64pad;
            else str += tab.charAt((triplet >> 6 * (3 - j)) & 0x3F);
        }
    }
    return str;
}

直接把上面代码写在一个新建的sha1。js文件类引入项目即可。使用方式：

 return window.location.href = "/Edit/Index?token=" + hex_sha1(''+id+'') + "&id=" + id;

 

后台sha1加密代码：

/// <summary>
        /// 基于Sha1的自定义加密字符串方法：输入一个字符串，返回一个由40个字符组成的十六进制的哈希散列（字符串）。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="str">要加密的字符串</param>
        /// <returns>加密后的十六进制的哈希散列（字符串）</returns>
        public string Sha1(string str)
        {

            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
            var data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);
            SHA1 sha = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();
            var resultArr = sha.ComputeHash(data);
            for (int i = 0; i < resultArr.Length; i++)
            {
                var tmp = String.Format("{0:X2}", resultArr[i] & 0xFF);
                if (tmp.Length == 1)
                {
                    result.Append("0");
                }
                result.Append(tmp);
            }
            var passwd = result.ToString();
            StringBuilder password = new StringBuilder();
            foreach (char c in passwd)
            {
                if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
                {
                    password.Append(char.ToLower(c));
                }
                else
                {
                    password.Append(c);
                }
            }
            string passwords = password.ToString();
            return passwords;
        }

 

使用方式：再Index控制器里面传入token然后用id再次加密进行和传入token对比

              var ids = Request.QueryString["Id"];
            //拿到sha1加密后的token和传入token对比，否则无权查看跳转回登陆页
                if (token.Equals(Sha1(id.ToString())))
                {
                    ViewBag.Id = ids;
                    PersonalView model = personalBLL.GetPersonalAccountByID(int.Parse(ids));//获取用户详细信息
                    string accountTypes = string.Empty;
                    if (!(model == null || model.PersonInfo == null))
                    {
                        accountTypes = model.PersonInfo.AccCollection;
                    }
                    InitDropList(accountTypes);
                    ViewBag.pathSrc = _pathSrc;
                    return View(model);
                }
                else
                {
                   //访问其他用户信息，跳转到登录页
                    return Redirect("/Home/Login");
                }

注：此种方式治标不治本，如果用户知道这种加密方式，那就完全可以用另一个id比如456，去生成一个sha1的加密key过来，替换依然可以登录，所以，最好的方式是不要使用url传值。。。