RedHat Linux 6.5 一步一步安装Oracle 10.2.0.1

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一、环境介绍

      Linux系统：RedHat Linux 6.5

      Oracle版本：10.2.0.1

二、修改系统变量&&权限&&防火墙

      1. /etc/hosts

      2. /etc/sysctl.conf

      3. /etc/security/limits.conf

      4. /etc/selinux/config

      具体步骤如下：

       1.vi /etc/hosts

[root@db01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.0.111 db01

　　 2.vi /etc/sysctl.conf添加如下内容（摘用11g的参数，可优化参照官方文档）

kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem =250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range =9000 65500
fs.file-max=6815744
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576

     完成后#sysctl -p，使生效

      3.修改/etc/security/limits.conf 文件尾部追加如下内容，以设置用户限制

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240

　　4.在/etc/selinux/config 文件中设置:SELINUX=disabled

     5.关闭防火墙

[root@db01 ~]# service iptables stop
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter          [  OK  ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]
[root@db01 ~]# chkconfig iptables off

 

三、添加oracle用户&&组&&创建目录

[root@db01 ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60001 oinstall
[root@db01 ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 60002 dba
[root@db01 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@db01 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
[root@db01 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
[root@db01 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle
[root@db01 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/
[root@db01 ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
BAD PASSWORD: is too simple
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

四、设置oracle用户环境变量

     vi .bash_profile

TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0.1/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi

　　保存退出后，source .bash_profile

五、安装Oracle软件

     解压安装包

[root@db01 software]# ll
total 1908200
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  758433170 Apr  6 14:18 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
[root@db01 software]# gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
[root@db01 software]#cpio -idmv <10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
注：别少了<符号
[root@db01 software]# chown -R oracle:oinstall database/

　　开始安装

[oracle@db01 database]$ ./runInstaller 
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking installer requirements...

Checking operating system version: must be redhat-3, SuSE-9, redhat-4, UnitedLinux-1.0, asianux-1 or asianux-2
                                      Failed <<<<

Exiting Oracle Universal Installer, log for this session can be found at /tmp/OraInstall2017-04-06_02-33-44PM/installActions2017-04-06_02-33-44PM.log
问题分析：
            Linux版本过高
解决办法：

1.[root@db01 software]# vi /etc/redhat-release
   把6.5修改为4
2.[oracle@db01 database]$ ./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs

　　缺少libXp32的RPM包,这个包在rhel4/oel4中叫xorg-x11-deprecated-libs，在rhel5/oel5中叫libXp，安装步骤如下

[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	libX11.so.6 is needed by libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686
	libXau.so.6 is needed by libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686
	libXext.so.6 is needed by libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686
[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libX11-1.5.0-4.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libX11-1.5.0-4.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	libxcb.so.1 is needed by libX11-1.5.0-4.el6.i686
[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libxcb-1.8.1-1.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libxcb-1.8.1-1.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	libXau.so.6 is needed by libxcb-1.8.1-1.el6.i686
[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libXau-1.0.6-4.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libXau-1.0.6-4.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:libXau                 ########################################### [100%]
[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libxcb-1.8.1-1.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libxcb-1.8.1-1.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:libxcb                 ########################################### [100%]
[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libX11-1.5.0-4.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libX11-1.5.0-4.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:libX11                 ########################################### [100%]
[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libXext-1.3.1-2.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libXext-1.3.1-2.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:libXext                ########################################### [100%]
[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686.rpm
warning: libXp-1.0.0-15.1.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:libXp                  ########################################### [100%]

　　缺少libXt.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory，安装步骤如下

[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libXt-1.1.3-1.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libXt-1.1.3-1.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	libICE.so.6 is needed by libXt-1.1.3-1.el6.i686
	libSM.so.6 is needed by libXt-1.1.3-1.el6.i686
[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libICE-1.0.6-1.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libICE-1.0.6-1.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:libICE                 ########################################### [100%]
[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libSM-1.2.1-2.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libSM-1.2.1-2.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	libuuid.so.1 is needed by libSM-1.2.1-2.el6.i686
	libuuid.so.1(UUID_1.0) is needed by libSM-1.2.1-2.el6.i686
[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libuuid-2.17.2-12.14.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libuuid-2.17.2-12.14.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:libuuid                ########################################### [100%]
[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libSM-1.2.1-2.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libSM-1.2.1-2.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:libSM                  ########################################### [100%]
[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libXt-1.1.3-1.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libXt-1.1.3-1.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:libXt                  ########################################### [100%]

　　缺少libXtst.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory occurred

[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libXtst-1.2.1-2.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libXtst-1.2.1-2.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	libXi.so.6 is needed by libXtst-1.2.1-2.el6.i686
[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libXi-1.6.1-3.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libXi-1.6.1-3.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:libXi                  ########################################### [100%]
[root@db01 software]# rpm -ivh libXtst-1.2.1-2.el6.i686.rpm 
warning: libXtst-1.2.1-2.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:libXtst                ########################################### [100%]

　　再次执行 ./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs

问题的原因所在：Linux没有安装32位的glibc-devel包

针对这个问题，直接continue，安装完成，进入$ORACLE_HOME/bin，执行./relink all

现象：

在使用Kernel 2.6版本的Linux的时候当使用DBCA进行数据库创建的时候会出现如下错误：

DBCA时出现ORA-27125错误解决过程

ORA-27125: unable to create shared memory segment

Linux-x86_64 Error: 1: Operation not permitted

 

原因：

这是一个与linux hugetlb有关的错误，我们可以通过如下的步骤进行解决：

解决：

# more /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group

0

# id oracle

uid=502(oracle) gid=503(oinstall) groups=503(oinstall),504(dba)

# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

加入如下的内容，其中504为dba组号，需要根据你实际的情况进行改变。

vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 504

# sysctl -p

 

至此安装完成，后面一篇将介绍Oracle 10.2.0.1升级的问题