rpm 命令详解

rpm命令是RPM软件包的管理工具。

RPM有多种基本的模式：它们是安装、查询、验证、删除等。

安装模式：rpm –i

查询模式：rpm -q

验证模式：rpm –V或 -verify

删除模式：rpm –e

1.安装一个包

rpm -ivh

2.升级一个包

rpm -Uvh

3.移走一个包

rpm -e

4.安装参数

--force 即使覆盖属于其它包的文件也强迫安装

--nodeps 如果该RPM包的安装依赖其它包，即使其它包没装，也强迫安装。

rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps --force

5.查询一个包是否被安装

rpm -q < rpm package name>

6.得到被安装的包的信息

rpm -qi < rpm package name>

7.列出该包中有哪些文件

rpm -ql < rpm package name>

8.列出服务器上的一个文件属于哪一个RPM包

rpm -qf

9.可综合好几个参数一起用

rpm -qil < rpm package name>

10.列出所有被安装的rpm package

rpm -qa

11.列出一个未被安装进系统的RPM包文件中包含有哪些文件？

rpm -qilp < rpm package name>

[root@script ~]# rpm --help
Usage: rpm [OPTION...]

Query/Verify package selection options:
  -a, --all query/verify all packages #查询/验证所有包 -f, --file query/verify package(s) owning file #查询/验证包（拥有）文件 -g, --group query/verify package(s) in group -p, --package query/verify a package file --pkgid query/verify package(s) with package identifier --hdrid query/verify package(s) with header identifier --triggeredby query the package(s) triggered by the package --whatrequires query/verify the package(s) which require a dependency --whatprovides query/verify the package(s) which provide a dependency --nomanifest do not process non-package files as manifests Query options (with -q or --query): -c, --configfiles list all configuration files -d, --docfiles list all documentation files -L, --licensefiles list all license files --dump dump basic file information -l, --list list files in package --queryformat=QUERYFORMAT use the following query format -s, --state display the states of the listed files Verify options (with -V or --verify): --nofiledigest don't verify digest of files --nofiles don't verify files in package --nodeps don't verify package dependencies --noscript don't execute verify script(s) Install/Upgrade/Erase options: --allfiles install all files, even configurations which might otherwise be skipped --allmatches remove all packages which match <package> (normally an error is generated if <package> specified multiple packages) --badreloc relocate files in non-relocatable package -e, --erase=<package>+ erase (uninstall) package --excludedocs do not install documentation --excludepath=<path> skip files with leading component <path> --force short hand for --replacepkgs --replacefiles -F, --freshen=<packagefile>+ upgrade package(s) if already installed -h, --hash print hash marks as package installs (good with -v) --ignorearch don't verify package architecture --ignoreos don't verify package operating system --ignoresize don't check disk space before installing -i, --install install package(s) --justdb update the database, but do not modify the filesystem --nodeps do not verify package dependencies --nofiledigest don't verify digest of files --nocontexts don't install file security contexts --noorder do not reorder package installation to satisfy dependencies --noscripts do not execute package scriptlet(s) --notriggers do not execute any scriptlet(s) triggered by this package --nocollections do not perform any collection actions --oldpackage upgrade to an old version of the package (--force on upgrades does this automatically) --percent print percentages as package installs # 打印包安装百分比 --prefix=<dir> relocate the package to <dir>, if relocatable # 将软件包安装到由 指定的路径下 --relocate=<old>=<new> relocate files from path <old> to <new> # 将文件从路径<旧>重新定位到<新> --replacefiles ignore file conflicts between packages # 忽略包之间的文件冲突 --replacepkgs reinstall if the package is already present # 如果包已经存在，重新安装 --test don't install, but tell if it would work or not -U, --upgrade=<packagefile>+ upgrade package(s) Common options for all rpm modes and executables: -D, --define='MACRO EXPR' define MACRO with value EXPR --undefine=MACRO undefine MACRO -E, --eval='EXPR' print macro expansion of EXPR --macros=<FILE:...> read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s) --nodigest don't verify package digest(s) --nosignature don't verify package signature(s) --rcfile=<FILE:...> read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s) -r, --root=ROOT use ROOT as top level directory (default: "/") --dbpath=DIRECTORY use database in DIRECTORY --querytags display known query tags --showrc display final rpmrc and macro configuration --quiet provide less detailed output -v, --verbose provide more detailed output --version print the version of rpm being used Options implemented via popt alias/exec: --scripts list install/erase scriptlets from package(s) --setperms set permissions of files in a package --setugids set user/group ownership of files in a package --conflicts list capabilities this package conflicts with --obsoletes list other packages removed by installing this package --provides list capabilities that this package provides --requires list capabilities required by package(s) --info list descriptive information from package(s) --changelog list change logs for this package --xml list metadata in xml --triggers list trigger scriptlets from package(s) --last list package(s) by install time, most recent first --dupes list duplicated packages --filesbypkg list all files from each package --fileclass list file names with classes --filecolor list file names with colors --fscontext list file names with security context from file system --fileprovide list file names with provides --filerequire list file names with requires --filecaps list file names with POSIX1.e capabilities Help options: -?, --help Show this help message --usage Display brief usage message