启动、停止服务
默认官方版启动：
linux：./bin/elasticsearch start
window：直接运行bin/elasticsearch.bat
默认官方版停止：
linux：kill 掉elasticsearch 进程。
window：管理启动的elasticsearch.bat 窗口
中文集成版启动与停止：
中文集成版集成了 elasticsearch-servicewrapper这个es插件
linux：
./elasticsearch console ------前台运行
./elasticsearch start ------后台运行
./elasticsearch install -------添加到系统自动启动
./elasticsearch remove -----取消随系统自动启动
./elasticsearch stop ------停止
./elasticsearch restart ------重新启动
window：直接运行elasticsearch.bat
Tips:
ik_max_word: 会将文本做最细粒度的拆分，比如会将“中华人民共和国国歌”拆分为“中华人民共和国,中华人民,中华,华人,人民共和国,人民,人,民,共和国,共和,和,国国,国歌”，会穷尽各种可能的组合；
ik_smart: 会做最粗粒度的拆分，比如会将“中华人民共和国国歌”拆分为“中华人民共和国,国歌”。
Download and install the .tar.gz packageedit
The .tar.gz archive for Elasticsearch v6.2.3 can be downloaded and installed as follows:
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.2.3.tar.gz wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.2.3.tar.gz.sha512
[root@VM_0_15_centos soft]# shasum -bash: shasum: command not found [root@VM_0_15_centos soft]# [root@VM_0_15_centos soft]# [root@VM_0_15_centos soft]# yum install perl-Digest-SHA -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-Digest-SHA.x86_64 1:5.85-4.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Digest::base) for package: 1:perl-Digest-SHA-5.85-4.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-Digest.noarch 0:1.17-245.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================ Installing: perl-Digest-SHA x86_64 1:5.85-4.el7 os 58 k Installing for dependencies: perl-Digest noarch 1.17-245.el7 os 23 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package) Total download size: 81 k Installed size: 138 k Downloading packages: (1/2): perl-Digest-1.17-245.el7.noarch.rpm | 23 kB 00:00:00 (2/2): perl-Digest-SHA-5.85-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 58 kB 00:00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 294 kB/s | 81 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : perl-Digest-1.17-245.el7.noarch 1/2 Installing : 1:perl-Digest-SHA-5.85-4.el7.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : perl-Digest-1.17-245.el7.noarch 1/2 Verifying : 1:perl-Digest-SHA-5.85-4.el7.x86_64 2/2 Installed: perl-Digest-SHA.x86_64 1:5.85-4.el7 Dependency Installed: perl-Digest.noarch 0:1.17-245.el7 Complete! [root@VM_0_15_centos soft]# [root@VM_0_15_centos soft]# shasum -a 512 -c elasticsearch-6.2.3.tar.gz.sha512 elasticsearch-6.2.3.tar.gz: OK [root@VM_0_15_centos soft]#
http://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/zip-targz.html
./elasticsearch [2018-04-17T15:52:07,762][WARN ][o.e.b.ElasticsearchUncaughtExceptionHandler] [] uncaught exception in thread [main] org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.StartupException: java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:125) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.3.jar:6.2.3] at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.execute(Elasticsearch.java:112) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.3.jar:6.2.3] at org.elasticsearch.cli.EnvironmentAwareCommand.execute(EnvironmentAwareCommand.java:86) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.3.jar:6.2.3] at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.mainWithoutErrorHandling(Command.java:124) ~[elasticsearch-cli-6.2.3.jar:6.2.3] at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.main(Command.java:90) ~[elasticsearch-cli-6.2.3.jar:6.2.3] at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:92) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.3.jar:6.2.3] at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:85) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.3.jar:6.2.3] Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.initializeNatives(Bootstrap.java:105) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.3.jar:6.2.3] at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.setup(Bootstrap.java:172) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.3.jar:6.2.3] at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:323) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.3.jar:6.2.3] at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:121) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.3.jar:6.2.3]
Elasticsearch Reference [6.2] » Set up Elasticsearch » Installing Elasticsearch » Install Elasticsearch with .zip or .tar.gz
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/zip-targz.html#_checking_that_elasticsearch_is_running
异常描述为不能以root权限运行Elasticsearch.
解决办法是运行时加上参数：
bin/elasticsearch -Des.insecure.allow.root=true
或者修改bin/elasticsearch，加上ES_JAVA_OPTS属性：
ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Des.insecure.allow.root=true"
保存之后重启Elasticsearch。
安装运行
1、前置安装java8
jdk-8u112-linux-x64.rpm
下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
2、下载
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-5.1.1.zip
3、解压
unzip elasticsearch-5.1.1.zip
4、运行
./bin/elasticsearch
./bin/elasticsearch -d #后台运行
tail -f logs/elasticsearch.log #查看日志
注：ES有执行脚本的能力，因安全因素，不能在root用户下运行，强行运行会报如下错误：
org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.StartupException: java.lang.RuntimeException: can not run elasticsearch as root
解决方案：
groupadd es #增加es组
useradd es -g es -p pwd #增加es用户并附加到es组
chown -R es:es elasticsearch-5.1.1 #给目录权限
su es #使用es用户
./bin/elasticsearch -d #后台运行es
外网访问
vi conf/elasticsearch.yml
修改network.host: 0.0.0.0
再次启动linux可能出现如下类似错误
bootstrap checks failed
max file descriptors [65535] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65536]
解决方案
1、vi /etc/sysctl.conf
设置fs.file-max=655350
保存之后sysctl -p使设置生效
2、vi /etc/security/limits.conf 新增
* soft nofile 655350
* hard nofile 655350
3、重新使用SSH登录，再次启动elasticsearch即可。
外网访问：serverip:9200/
安装elasticsearch-head插件
elasticsearch 5以后的版本比较新，不支持直接安装head插件，以下是github上提供的安装方法，如下图示
1、下载head插件
wget https://codeload.github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/zip/master
2、下载nodejs
nodejs官网下载地址https://nodejs.org/dist/
wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v6.9.2/node-v6.9.2-linux-x64.tar.xz
3、配置node环境变量
xz –d node-v6.9.2-linux-x64.tar.xz
tar –xvf node-v6.9.2-linux-x64.tar
mv node-v6.9.2-linux-x64 /alidata/app/node
vim /etc/profile
export NODE_HOME=/alidata/app/node
export PATH=$PATH:$NODE_HOME/bin
source /etc/profile
# node –v
v6.9.2
# npm –v
3.10.9
4、安装grunt
cd elasticsearch-head-master
npm install -g grunt --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
5、测试一下
cd elasticsearch-head-master
grunt
出现以下提示，为Gruntfile.js引用的，缺少以下包
>> Local Npm module "grunt-contrib-clean" not found. Is it installed?
>> Local Npm module "grunt-contrib-concat" not found. Is it installed?
>> Local Npm module "grunt-contrib-watch" not found. Is it installed?
>> Local Npm module "grunt-contrib-connect" not found. Is it installed?
>> Local Npm module "grunt-contrib-copy" not found. Is it installed?
>> Local Npm module "grunt-contrib-jasmine" not found. Is it installed?
Warning: Task "connect:server" not found. Use --force to continue.
Aborted due to warnings.
安装
npm install grunt-contrib-clean --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
npm install grunt-contrib-concat --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
npm install grunt-contrib-watch --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
npm install grunt-contrib-connect --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
npm install grunt-contrib-copy --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
npm install grunt-contrib-jasmine --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org
6、运行
grunt server
7、测试
http://serverip:9100/
修改head目录下的Gruntfile.js配置，head默认监听127.0.0.1
vm Gruntfile.js
hostname: '0.0.0.0',
8、为es设置跨域访问
vi config/elasticsearch.yml #新增两行
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
9、启动es，启动head插件
https://blog.csdn.net/laotoumo/article/details/53890279
一、拼音分词的应用
拼音分词在日常生活中其实很常见，也许你每天都在用。打开淘宝看一看吧,输入拼音”zhonghua”,下面会有包含”zhonghua”对应的中文”中华”的商品的提示：
拼音分词是根据输入的拼音提示对应的中文，通过拼音分词提升搜索体验、加快搜索速度。下面介绍如何在Elasticsearch 5.1.1中配置和实现pinyin+iK分词。
二、IK分词器下载与安装
关于IK分词器的介绍不再多少，一言以蔽之，IK分词是目前使用非常广泛分词效果比较好的中文分词器。做ES开发的，中文分词十有八九使用的都是IK分词器。
下载地址:https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik
配置之前关闭elasticsearch，配置完成以后再重启。
IK的版本要和当前ES的版本一致，README中有说明。我使用的是ES是5.1.1，IK的版本为5.1.1(你也许会奇怪为什么IK上一个版本是1.X,下一个版本一下升到5.X?是因为Elastic官方为了统一版本号，之前es的版本是2.x,logstash的版本是2.x,同时Kibana的版本是4.x，ik的版本是1.x，这样版本很混乱。5.0之后，统一版本号，这样你使用5.1.1的es，其它软件的版本也使用5.1.1就好了)。
下载之后进入到elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin-master目录，mvn打包(没有安装maven的自行安装)，运行命令：
mvn package打包成功以后，会生成一个target文件夹，在elasticsearch-analysis-ik-master/target/releases目录下，找到elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.1.1.zip，这就是我们需要的安装文件。解压elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.1.1.zip，得到下面内容：
commons-codec-1.9.jar commons-logging-1.2.jar config elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.1.1.jar httpclient-4.5.2.jar httpcore-4.4.4.jar plugin-descriptor.properties
然后在elasticsearch-5.1.1/plugins目录下新建一个文件夹ik，把elasticsearch-analysis-ik-5.1.1.zip解压后的文件拷贝到elasticsearch-5.1.1/plugins/ik目录下.截图方便理解。 
三、pinyin分词器下载与安装
pinyin分词器的下载地址:
https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin
安装过程和IK一样，下载、打包、加入ES。这里不在重复上述步骤，给出最后配置截图 
四、分词测试
IK和pinyin分词配置完成以后，重启ES。如果重启过程中ES报错，说明安装有错误，没有报错说明配置成功。
4.1 IK分词测试
创建一个索引:
curl -XPUT "http://localhost:9200/index"测试分词效果:
curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/index/_analyze?analyzer=ik_max_word&text=中华人民共和国"分词结果:
{
"tokens": [{ "token": "中华人民共和国", "start_offset": 0, "end_offset": 7, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 0 }, { "token": "中华人民", "start_offset": 0, "end_offset": 4, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 1 }, { "token": "中华", "start_offset": 0, "end_offset": 2, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 2 }, { "token": "华人", "start_offset": 1, "end_offset": 3, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 3 }, { "token": "人民共和国", "start_offset": 2, "end_offset": 7, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 4 }, { "token": "人民", "start_offset": 2, "end_offset": 4, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 5 }, { "token": "共和国", "start_offset": 4, "end_offset": 7, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 6 }, { "token": "共和", "start_offset": 4, "end_offset": 6, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 7 }, { "token": "国", "start_offset": 6, "end_offset": 7, "type": "CN_CHAR", "position": 8 }, { "token": "国歌", "start_offset": 7, "end_offset": 9, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 9 }] }使用ik_smart分词:
curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/index/_analyze?analyzer=ik_smart&text=中华人民共和国"分词结果:
{
"tokens": [{ "token": "中华人民共和国", "start_offset": 0, "end_offset": 7, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 0 }, { "token": "国歌", "start_offset": 7, "end_offset": 9, "type": "CN_WORD", "position": 1 }] }截图方便理解: 
4.2拼音分词测试
测试拼音分词:
curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/index/_analyze?analyzer=pinyin&text=张学友"分词结果:
{
"tokens": [{ "token": "zhang", "start_offset": 0, "end_offset": 1, "type": "word", "position": 0 }, { "token": "xue", "start_offset": 1, "end_offset": 2, "type": "word", "position": 1 }, { "token": "you", "start_offset": 2, "end_offset": 3, "type": "word", "position": 2 }, { "token": "zxy", "start_offset": 0, "end_offset": 3, "type": "word", "position": 3 }] }五、IK+pinyin分词配置
5.1创建索引与分析器设置
创建一个索引，并设置index分析器相关属性:
curl -XPUT "http://localhost:9200/medcl/" -d' { "index": { "analysis": { "analyzer": { "ik_pinyin_analyzer": { "type": "custom", "tokenizer": "ik_smart", "filter": ["my_pinyin", "word_delimiter"] } }, "filter": { "my_pinyin": { "type": "pinyin", "first_letter": "prefix", "padding_char": " " } } } } }'创建一个type并设置mapping:
curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/medcl/folks/_mapping -d' { "folks": { "properties": { "name": { "type": "keyword", "fields": { "pinyin": { "type": "text", "store": "no", "term_vector": "with_positions_offsets", "analyzer": "ik_pinyin_analyzer", "boost": 10 } } } } } }'5.2索引测试文档
索引2份测试文档。
文档1:
curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/medcl/folks/andy -d'{"name":"刘德华"}'文档2:
curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/medcl/folks/tina -d'{"name":"中华人民共和国国歌"}'5.3测试(1)拼音分词
下面四条命命令都可以匹配”刘德华”
curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/medcl/folks/_search?q=name.pinyin:liu" curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/medcl/folks/_search?q=name.pinyin:de" curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/medcl/folks/_search?q=name.pinyin:hua" curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/medcl/folks/_search?q=name.pinyin:ldh"5.4测试(2)IK分词测试
curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/medcl/_search?pretty" -d' { "query": { "match": { "name.pinyin": "国歌" } }, "highlight": { "fields": { "name.pinyin": {} } } }'返回结果:
{
"took" : 2, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 5, "successful" : 5, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : 1, "max_score" : 16.698704, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "medcl", "_type" : "folks", "_id" : "tina", "_score" : 16.698704, "_source" : { "name" : "中华人民共和国国歌" }, "highlight" : { "name.pinyin" : [ "<em>中华人民共和国</em><em>国歌</em>" ] } } ] } }说明IK分词器起到了效果。
5.3测试(4)pinyin+ik分词测试：
curl -XPOST "http://localhost:9200/medcl/_search?pretty" -d' { "query": { "match": { "name.pinyin": "zhonghua" } }, "highlight": { "fields": { "name.pinyin": {} } } }'返回结果:
{
"took" : 3, "timed_out" : false, "_shards" : { "total" : 5, "successful" : 5, "failed" : 0 }, "hits" : { "total" : 2, "max_score" : 5.9814634, "hits" : [ { "_index" : "medcl", "_type" : "folks", "_id" : "tina", "_score" : 5.9814634, "_source" : { "name" : "中华人民共和国国歌" }, "highlight" : { "name.pinyin" : [ "<em>中华人民共和国</em>国歌" ] } }, { "_index" : "medcl", "_type" : "folks", "_id" : "andy", "_score" : 2.2534127, "_source" : { "name" : "刘德华" }, "highlight" : { "name.pinyin" : [ "<em>刘德华</em>" ] } } ] } }
截图如下: 
使用pinyin分词以后，原始的字段搜索要加上.pinyin后缀，搜索原始字段没有返回结果：
六、参考资料
https://blog.csdn.net/napoay/article/details/53907921