Spring之WebSocket网页聊天以及服务器推送
转自:http://www.xdemo.org/spring-websocket-comet/
1. WebSocket protocol 是HTML5一种新的协议。它实现了浏览器与服务器全双工通信(full-duplex)。
2. 轮询是在特定的的时间间隔(如每1秒),由浏览器对服务器发出HTTP request,然后由服务器返回最新的数据给客服端的浏览器。这种传统的HTTP request 的模式带来很明显的缺点 – 浏览器需要不断的向服务器发出请求,然而HTTP request 的header是非常长的,里面包含的有用数据可能只是一个很小的值,这样会占用很多的带宽。
3. 比较新的技术去做轮询的效果是Comet – 用了AJAX。但这种技术虽然可达到全双工通信,但依然需要发出请求
4. 在 WebSocket API,浏览器和服务器只需要要做一个握手的动作,然后,浏览器和服务器之间就形成了一条快速通道。两者之间就直接可以数据互相传送
5. 在此WebSocket 协议中,为我们实现即时服务带来了两大好处:
5.1. Header
互相沟通的Header是很小的-大概只有 2 Bytes
5.2. Server Push
浏览器支持情况
Chrome | 4+ |
Firefox | 4+ |
Internet Explorer | 10+ |
Opera | 10+ |
Safari | 5+ |
服务器支持
jetty | 7.0.1+ |
tomcat | 7.0.27+ |
Nginx | 1.3.13+ |
resin | 4+ |
API
var
ws =
new
WebSocket(“ws:
//echo.websocket.org”);
ws.onopen =
function
(){ws.send(“Test!”); };
//当有消息时,会自动调用此方法
ws.onmessage =
function
(evt){console.log(evt.data);ws.close();};
ws.onclose =
function
(evt){console.log(“WebSocketClosed!”);};
ws.onerror =
function
(evt){console.log(“WebSocketError!”);};
|
Demo简介
模拟了两个用户的对话,张三和李四,然后还有发送一个广播,即张三和李四都是可以接收到的,登录的时候分别选择张三和李四即可
Demo效果
Maven依赖
<
dependency
>
<
groupId
>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</
groupId
>
<
artifactId
>jackson-annotations</
artifactId
>
<
version
>2.3.0</
version
>
</
dependency
>
<
dependency
>
<
groupId
>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</
groupId
>
<
artifactId
>jackson-core</
artifactId
>
<
version
>2.3.1</
version
>
</
dependency
>
<
dependency
>
<
groupId
>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</
groupId
>
<
artifactId
>jackson-databind</
artifactId
>
<
version
>2.3.3</
version
>
</
dependency
>
<
dependency
>
<
groupId
>org.springframework</
groupId
>
<
artifactId
>spring-messaging</
artifactId
>
<
version
>4.0.5.RELEASE</
version
>
</
dependency
>
<
dependency
>
<
groupId
>org.springframework</
groupId
>
<
artifactId
>spring-websocket</
artifactId
>
<
version
>4.0.5.RELEASE</
version
>
</
dependency
>
<
dependency
>
<
groupId
>org.springframework</
groupId
>
<
artifactId
>spring-webmvc</
artifactId
>
<
version
>4.0.5.RELEASE</
version
>
</
dependency
>
<
dependency
>
<
groupId
>com.google.code.gson</
groupId
>
<
artifactId
>gson</
artifactId
>
<
version
>2.3.1</
version
>
</
dependency
>
<
dependency
>
<
groupId
>javax.servlet</
groupId
>
<
artifactId
>javax.servlet-api</
artifactId
>
<
version
>3.1.0</
version
>
<
scope
>provided</
scope
>
</
dependency
>
<
dependency
>
<
groupId
>junit</
groupId
>
<
artifactId
>junit</
artifactId
>
<
version
>3.8.1</
version
>
<
scope
>test</
scope
>
</
dependency
>
|
Web.xml,spring-mvc.xml,User.java请查看附件
WebSocket相关的类
WebSocketConfig,配置WebSocket的处理器(MyWebSocketHandler)和拦截器(HandShake)
package
org.xdemo.example.websocket.websocket;
import
javax.annotation.Resource;
import
org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import
org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
import
org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocket;
import
org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketConfigurer;
import
org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketHandlerRegistry;
/**
* WebScoket配置处理器
* @author Goofy
* @Date 2015年6月11日 下午1:15:09
*/
@Component
@EnableWebSocket
public
class
WebSocketConfig
extends
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter
implements
WebSocketConfigurer {
@Resource
MyWebSocketHandler handler;
public
void
registerWebSocketHandlers(WebSocketHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry.addHandler(handler,
"/ws"
).addInterceptors(
new
HandShake());
registry.addHandler(handler,
"/ws/sockjs"
).addInterceptors(
new
HandShake()).withSockJS();
}
}
|
MyWebSocketHandler
package
org.xdemo.example.websocket.websocket;
import
java.io.IOException;
import
java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import
java.util.Date;
import
java.util.HashMap;
import
java.util.Iterator;
import
java.util.Map;
import
java.util.Map.Entry;
import
org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import
org.springframework.web.socket.CloseStatus;
import
org.springframework.web.socket.TextMessage;
import
org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketHandler;
import
org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketMessage;
import
org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketSession;
import
org.xdemo.example.websocket.entity.Message;
import
com.google.gson.Gson;
import
com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
/**
* Socket处理器
*
* @author Goofy
* @Date 2015年6月11日 下午1:19:50
*/
@Component
public
class
MyWebSocketHandler
implements
WebSocketHandler {
public
static
final
Map<Long, WebSocketSession> userSocketSessionMap;
static
{
userSocketSessionMap =
new
HashMap<Long, WebSocketSession>();
}
/**
* 建立连接后
*/
public
void
afterConnectionEstablished(WebSocketSession session)
throws
Exception {
Long uid = (Long) session.getAttributes().get(
"uid"
);
if
(userSocketSessionMap.get(uid) ==
null
) {
userSocketSessionMap.put(uid, session);
}
}
/**
* 消息处理,在客户端通过Websocket API发送的消息会经过这里,然后进行相应的处理
*/
public
void
handleMessage(WebSocketSession session, WebSocketMessage<?> message)
throws
Exception {
if
(message.getPayloadLength()==
0
)
return
;
Message msg=
new
Gson().fromJson(message.getPayload().toString(),Message.
class
);
msg.setDate(
new
Date());
sendMessageToUser(msg.getTo(),
new
TextMessage(
new
GsonBuilder().setDateFormat(
"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
).create().toJson(msg)));
}
/**
* 消息传输错误处理
*/
public
void
handleTransportError(WebSocketSession session,
Throwable exception)
throws
Exception {
if
(session.isOpen()) {
session.close();
}
Iterator<Entry<Long, WebSocketSession>> it = userSocketSessionMap
.entrySet().iterator();
// 移除Socket会话
while
(it.hasNext()) {
Entry<Long, WebSocketSession> entry = it.next();
if
(entry.getValue().getId().equals(session.getId())) {
userSocketSessionMap.remove(entry.getKey());
System.out.println(
"Socket会话已经移除:用户ID"
+ entry.getKey());
break
;
}
}
}
/**
* 关闭连接后
*/
public
void
afterConnectionClosed(WebSocketSession session,
CloseStatus closeStatus)
throws
Exception {
System.out.println(
"Websocket:"
+ session.getId() +
"已经关闭"
);
Iterator<Entry<Long, WebSocketSession>> it = userSocketSessionMap
.entrySet().iterator();
// 移除Socket会话
while
(it.hasNext()) {
Entry<Long, WebSocketSession> entry = it.next();
if
(entry.getValue().getId().equals(session.getId())) {
userSocketSessionMap.remove(entry.getKey());
System.out.println(
"Socket会话已经移除:用户ID"
+ entry.getKey());
break
;
}
}
}
public
boolean
supportsPartialMessages() {
return
false
;
}
/**
* 给所有在线用户发送消息
*
* @param message
* @throws IOException
*/
public
void
broadcast(
final
TextMessage message)
throws
IOException {
Iterator<Entry<Long, WebSocketSession>> it = userSocketSessionMap
.entrySet().iterator();
// 多线程群发
while
(it.hasNext()) {
final
Entry<Long, WebSocketSession> entry = it.next();
if
(entry.getValue().isOpen()) {
// entry.getValue().sendMessage(message);
new
Thread(
new
Runnable() {
public
void
run() {
try
{
if
(entry.getValue().isOpen()) {
entry.getValue().sendMessage(message);
}
}
catch
(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
}
}
/**
* 给某个用户发送消息
*
* @param userName
* @param message
* @throws IOException
*/
public
void
sendMessageToUser(Long uid, TextMessage message)
throws
IOException {
WebSocketSession session = userSocketSessionMap.get(uid);
if
(session !=
null
&& session.isOpen()) {
session.sendMessage(message);
}
}
}
|
HandShake(每次建立连接都会进行握手)
package
org.xdemo.example.websocket.websocket;
import
java.util.Map;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import
org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import
org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import
org.springframework.http.server.ServletServerHttpRequest;
import
org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketHandler;
import
org.springframework.web.socket.server.HandshakeInterceptor;
/**
* Socket建立连接(握手)和断开
*
* @author Goofy
* @Date 2015年6月11日 下午2:23:09
*/
public
class
HandShake
implements
HandshakeInterceptor {
public
boolean
beforeHandshake(ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response, WebSocketHandler wsHandler, Map<String, Object> attributes)
throws
Exception {
System.out.println(
"Websocket:用户[ID:"
+ ((ServletServerHttpRequest) request).getServletRequest().getSession(
false
).getAttribute(
"uid"
) +
"]已经建立连接"
);
if
(request
instanceof
ServletServerHttpRequest) {
ServletServerHttpRequest servletRequest = (ServletServerHttpRequest) request;
HttpSession session = servletRequest.getServletRequest().getSession(
false
);
// 标记用户
Long uid = (Long) session.getAttribute(
"uid"
);
if
(uid!=
null
){
attributes.put(
"uid"
, uid);
}
else
{
return
false
;
}
}
return
true
;
}
public
void
afterHandshake(ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response, WebSocketHandler wsHandler, Exception exception) {
}
}
|
一个Controller
package
org.xdemo.example.websocket.controller;
import
java.io.IOException;
import
java.util.Date;
import
java.util.HashMap;
import
java.util.Map;
import
javax.annotation.Resource;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import
org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import
org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import
org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import
org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import
org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import
org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import
org.springframework.web.socket.TextMessage;
import
org.xdemo.example.websocket.entity.Message;
import
org.xdemo.example.websocket.entity.User;
import
org.xdemo.example.websocket.websocket.MyWebSocketHandler;
import
com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
@Controller
@RequestMapping
(
"/msg"
)
public
class
MsgController {
@Resource
MyWebSocketHandler handler;
Map<Long, User> users =
new
HashMap<Long, User>();
//模拟一些数据
@ModelAttribute
public
void
setReqAndRes() {
User u1 =
new
User();
u1.setId(1L);
u1.setName(
"张三"
);
users.put(u1.getId(), u1);
User u2 =
new
User();
u2.setId(2L);
u2.setName(
"李四"
);
users.put(u2.getId(), u2);
}
//用户登录
@RequestMapping
(value=
"login"
,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public
ModelAndView doLogin(User user,HttpServletRequest request){
request.getSession().setAttribute(
"uid"
, user.getId());
request.getSession().setAttribute(
"name"
, users.get(user.getId()).getName());
return
new
ModelAndView(
"redirect:talk"
);
}
//跳转到交谈聊天页面
@RequestMapping
(value=
"talk"
,method=RequestMethod.GET)
public
ModelAndView talk(){
return
new
ModelAndView(
"talk"
);
}
//跳转到发布广播页面
@RequestMapping
(value=
"broadcast"
,method=RequestMethod.GET)
public
ModelAndView broadcast(){
return
new
ModelAndView(
"broadcast"
);
}
//发布系统广播(群发)
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping
(value=
"broadcast"
,method=RequestMethod.POST)
public
void
broadcast(String text)
throws
IOException{
Message msg=
new
Message();
msg.setDate(
new
Date());
msg.setFrom(-1L);
msg.setFromName(
"系统广播"
);
msg.setTo(0L);
msg.setText(text);
handler.broadcast(
new
TextMessage(
new
GsonBuilder().setDateFormat(
"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"
).create().toJson(msg)));
}
}
|
一个消息的封装的类
package
org.xdemo.example.websocket.entity;
import
java.util.Date;
/**
* 消息类
* @author Goofy
* @Date 2015年6月12日 下午7:32:39
*/
public
class
Message {
//发送者
public
Long from;
//发送者名称
public
String fromName;
//接收者
public
Long to;
//发送的文本
public
String text;
//发送日期
public
Date date;
public
Long getFrom() {
return
from;
}
public
void
setFrom(Long from) {
this
.from = from;
}
public
Long getTo() {
return
to;
}
public
void
setTo(Long to) {
this
.to = to;
}
public
String getText() {
return
text;
}
public
void
setText(String text) {
this
.text = text;
}
public
String getFromName() {
return
fromName;
}
public
void
setFromName(String fromName) {
this
.fromName = fromName;
}
public
Date getDate() {
return
date;
}
public
void
setDate(Date date) {
this
.date = date;
}
}
|
聊天页面
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getServerName() + ":"
+ request.getServerPort() + path + "/";
String basePath2 = request.getScheme() + "://"
+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
+ path + "/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<
html
xmlns
=
"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
>
<
head
>
<
meta
http-equiv
=
"Content-Type"
content
=
"text/html; charset=utf-8"
/>
<
title
></
title
>
<
script
type
=
"text/javascript"
src="<%=basePath2%>resources/jquery.js"></
script
>
<
style
>
textarea {
height: 300px;
width: 100%;
resize: none;
outline: none;
}
input[type=button] {
float: right;
margin: 5px;
width: 50px;
height: 35px;
border: none;
color: white;
font-weight: bold;
outline: none;
}
.clear {
background: red;
}
.send {
background: green;
}
.clear:active {
background: yellow;
}
.send:active {
background: yellow;
}
.msg {
width: 100%;
height: 25px;
outline: none;
}
#content {
border: 1px solid gray;
width: 100%;
height: 400px;
overflow-y: scroll;
}
.from {
background-color: green;
width: 80%;
border-radius: 10px;
height: 30px;
line-height: 30px;
margin: 5px;
float: left;
color: white;
padding: 5px;
font-size: 22px;
}
.to {
background-color: gray;
width: 80%;
border-radius: 10px;
height: 30px;
line-height: 30px;
margin: 5px;
float: right;
color: white;
padding: 5px;
font-size: 22px;
}
.name {
color: gray;
font-size: 12px;
}
.tmsg_text {
color: white;
background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47);
font-size: 18px;
border-radius: 5px;
padding: 2px;
}
.fmsg_text {
color: white;
background-color: rgb(66, 138, 140);
font-size: 18px;
border-radius: 5px;
padding: 2px;
}
.sfmsg_text {
color: white;
background-color: rgb(148, 16, 16);
font-size: 18px;
border-radius: 5px;
padding: 2px;
}
.tmsg {
clear: both;
float: right;
width: 80%;
text-align: right;
}
.fmsg {
clear: both;
float: left;
width: 80%;
}
</
style
>
<
script
>
var path = '<%=basePath%>';
var uid=${uid eq null?-1:uid};
if(uid==-1){
location.href="<%=basePath2%>";
}
var from=uid;
var fromName='${name}';
var to=uid==1?2:1;
var websocket;
if ('WebSocket' in window) {
websocket = new WebSocket("ws://" + path + "/ws?uid="+uid);
} else if ('MozWebSocket' in window) {
websocket = new MozWebSocket("ws://" + path + "/ws"+uid);
} else {
websocket = new SockJS("http://" + path + "/ws/sockjs"+uid);
}
websocket.onopen = function(event) {
console.log("WebSocket:已连接");
console.log(event);
};
websocket.onmessage = function(event) {
var data=JSON.parse(event.data);
console.log("WebSocket:收到一条消息",data);
var textCss=data.from==-1?"sfmsg_text":"fmsg_text";
$("#content").append("<
div
><
label
>"+data.fromName+" "+data.date+"</
label
><
div
class
=
'"+textCss+"'
>"+data.text+"</
div
></
div
>");
scrollToBottom();
};
websocket.onerror = function(event) {
console.log("WebSocket:发生错误 ");
console.log(event);
};
websocket.onclose = function(event) {
console.log("WebSocket:已关闭");
console.log(event);
}
function sendMsg(){
var v=$("#msg").val();
if(v==""){
return;
}else{
var data={};
data["from"]=from;
data["fromName"]=fromName;
data["to"]=to;
data["text"]=v;
websocket.send(JSON.stringify(data));
$("#content").append("<
div
><
label
>我 "+new Date().Format("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss")+"</
label
><
div
>"+data.text+"</
div
></
div
>");
scrollToBottom();
$("#msg").val("");
}
}
function scrollToBottom(){
var div = document.getElementById('content');
div.scrollTop = div.scrollHeight;
}
Date.prototype.Format = function (fmt) { //author: meizz
var o = {
"M+": this.getMonth() + 1, //月份
"d+": this.getDate(), //日
"h+": this.getHours(), //小时
"m+": this.getMinutes(), //分
"s+": this.getSeconds(), //秒
"q+": Math.floor((this.getMonth() + 3) / 3), //季度
"S": this.getMilliseconds() //毫秒
};
if (/(y+)/.test(fmt)) fmt = fmt.replace(RegExp.$1, (this.getFullYear() + "").substr(4 - RegExp.$1.length));
for (var k in o)
if (new RegExp("(" + k + ")").test(fmt)) fmt = fmt.replace(RegExp.$1, (RegExp.$1.length == 1) ? (o[k]) : (("00" + o[k]).substr(("" + o[k]).length)));
return fmt;
}
function send(event){
var code;
if(window.event){
code = window.event.keyCode; // IE
}else{
code = e.which; // Firefox
}
if(code==13){
sendMsg();
}
}
function clearAll(){
$("#content").empty();
}
</
script
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
欢迎:${sessionScope.name }
<
div
id
=
"content"
></
div
>
<
input
type
=
"text"
placeholder
=
"请输入要发送的信息"
id
=
"msg"
onkeydown
=
"send(event)"
>
<
input
type
=
"button"
value
=
"发送"
onclick
=
"sendMsg()"
>
<
input
type
=
"button"
value
=
"清空"
onclick
=
"clearAll()"
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
|
发布广播的页面
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath= request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<
html
xmlns
=
"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
>
<
head
>
<
meta
http-equiv
=
"Content-Type"
content
=
"text/html; charset=utf-8"
/>
<
title
></
title
>
<
script
type
=
"text/javascript"
src="<%=basePath%>resources/jquery.js"></
script
>
<
script
type
=
"text/javascript"
>
var path='<%=basePath%>';
function broadcast(){
$.ajax({
url:path+'msg/broadcast',
type:"post",
data:{text:$("#msg").val()},
dataType:"json",
success:function(data){
alert("发送成功");
}
});
}
</
script
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
发送广播
<
textarea
style
=
"width:100%;height:300px;"
id
=
"msg"
></
textarea
>
<
input
type
=
"button"
value
=
"发送"
onclick
=
"broadcast()"
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
|
Chrome的控制台网络信息
Type:websocket
Time:Pending
表示这是一个websocket请求,请求一直没有结束,可以通过此通道进行双向通信,即双工,实现了服务器推送的效果,也减少了网络流量。
Chrome控制台信息
Demo下载