例如a = [3,4,1,7,2]
排序结果应为[1,2,3,4,7],对应下标为[2,4,0,1,3]
思想:建立和下表对应的元祖,排序时按对应值排序即可
方法一、
a = [3,4,1,7,2]
b = zip(a, range(a))
b.sort(key = lambda x : x[0])
c = [x[1] for x in b]
方法二、
a = [3,4,1,7,2]
b=sorted(enumerate(a), key=lambda x:x[1])