扔掉日志
轮换日志文件
存档日志文件
2.linux日志
特殊日志文件:
/var/log/wtmp包含用户登录系统和退出系统的记录,也包含了表明系统核实启动或者关机的记录项(二进制形式存储)。使用last命令解读这些信息。
/var/log/lastlog只记录每个用户上次登录的时间。是一个稀疏的二进制文件,以UID作为索引.
内核和启动日志:
dmesg命令-----输出重定向到/var/log/dmesg 或者/var/log/boot.msg(suse)
klogd守护进程----将日志发送到/var/log/messages
dmesg -n 2
initlog-----
logrotate:管理日志文件:savelog
syslog:系统事件的日志程序
体系结构:
- syslogd,日志守护进程(以及配置文件/etc/syslog.conf)
- openlog,将消息提交给syslogd的库例程
- logger,一条从shell提交日志记录项的用户级命令
syslogd进程ID写入到/var/run/syslogd.pid
修改配置文件后,发送一个挂起信号:kill -HUP `/bin/cat /var/run/syslogd.pid`
配置文件:
1.单机
#syslog.conf file for small network or stand-alone machines
#emergences:tell everyone who is logged on
*.merg *
#important message
*.waring:daemon,auth.info;user:none /var/log/messages
#print errors
lpr.debug /var/log/lpd.errs
2.网络客户机
网络客户机通常把重要的信息转发给中央日志记录主机:
#syslog.conf file for nonmaster machines
#emergencies:tell everyone who is logged in
*.emerg;user.none *
#Forwar important messages to the center logger
*.waring;lpr.local1.none @netloghost
daemon,auth.info @netloghost
#send some local stuff to the center logger too
local2.info;local7.debug @netloghost
#keep printer errors local
lpr.debug /var/log/lpd-errs
#sudo logs to local2 ---keep a copy here too
local2.info /var/log/sudo.log
#keep kernal messager local
kern.info /var/log/kern.log
3.中央日志记录主机。---大约7000台主机构成的一个中等规模网络上的中央安全日志主机
#syslog.conf file for master logging host
#Emergencies to the console and log file,with timing marks
*.emerg /dev/console
*.err;kern,mark.debug;auth.notice /dev/console
*.err;kern,mark.debug;user.none /var/log/console.log
auth.notice /var/log/console.log
#send non-emergency messages to the usual log files
*.err;user.none;kern.debug /var/log/messages
daemon,auth.notice;mail.crit /var/log/messages
lpr.debug /var/log/lpd-errs
mail.debug /var/log/mail.log
#local authorization stuff like sudo and npasswd
local2.debug /var/log/sudo.log
local2.alert /var/log/sudo-errs.log
auth.info /var/log/auth.log
#other local stuff
local4.notice /var/log/da.log
local4.debug /var/log/tcp.log
#user stuff
user.info /var/log/user.log
分析日志文件:
swatch
logcheck