最近做毕设涉及到了生产者与消费者模型,这个东东只在操作系统课程上有点印象,于是花了点时间看了下《unix环境高级编程 》的线程部分,在此记录一下。
1.多线程的概念就不多说了,pthread.h头文件中包含的几个基本概念及函数:
- pthread_t————线程ID数据类型,线程ID只在它所属的进程环境中有效;
- int pthread_create(pthread_t *tidp, const pthread_attr_t *attr, func(void), arg)————创建新的线程,若成功返回0设置tidp指向的单元为新线程的线程IDattr用来设置线程属性,一般默认为NULLfunc为新线程调用的入口函数,该函数只能有一个无类型指针参数arg,若要向函数传递多个参数,需要将所有参数放到一个结构中,再把结构地址传递给arg
- pthread_t pthread_self(void)————获取自身线程ID
- void pthread_exit(void *rval_ptr)———终止本线程,用rval_ptr指向的值作为退出码
- int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **rval_ptr)————调用该函数的线程将阻塞,直到thread线程调用pthread_exit、从启动例程返回或被取消,rval_ptr将包含返回码
- int pthread_cancel(pthread_t tid)————该函数用来请求取消统一进程中的其他线程
2.线程同步————互斥量、读写锁,条件变量
读写锁即共享——独占锁,适合于读的次数远大于写的情况,比较好理解,就不多说了。
条件变量由互斥量保护,线程在改变条件状态之前必须先锁定互斥量。
生产者与消费者模型用到了互斥量和条件变量,对队列进行读写,下面直接上代码:
- 队列操作(数据结构的内容),采用链式结构:
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <string.h> #include <time.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <pthread.h>
#define MAXLENGTH 10 //the maxlength of queue typedef char * datatype; typedef struct node { //define node
datatype name; struct node *next; } node; typedef struct queue { //define queue
node *front, *rear; int len; } queue; void queue_init(queue *q) { q->front = q->rear = NULL; q->len = 0; } void queue_put(queue *q, datatype new_name) //入队 { node *mynode = (node *)malloc(sizeof(node)); mynode->name = new_name; mynode->next = NULL; if (q->rear) q->rear->next = mynode; q->rear = mynode; if (q->front == NULL) q->front = mynode; q->len++; } datatype queue_get(queue *q) //出队 { node *mynode; datatype myname; if (q->front != NULL) mynode = q->front; myname = mynode->name; q->front = q->front->next; q->len--; free(mynode); return myname; } void queue_print(queue *q) //print queue { node *tmp = q->front; while(tmp != NULL) { printf("%s ", tmp->name); tmp = tmp->next; } printf("\n"); }
- 生产者与消费者函数:
/*define mutex and condtion var*/ pthread_cond_t q_not_full = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER; pthread_cond_t q_not_empty = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER; pthread_mutex_t qlock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; /* * producer function */
void producer(void *q) { // printf("start porducer:\n");
queue *qt = q; //传入的队列
while(1) { pthread_mutex_lock(&qlock); // printf("producer has locked the qlock\n");
while(qt->len >= MAXLENGTH) //queue is full
{ // printf("producer is going to waiting\n");
pthread_cond_wait(&q_not_full, &qlock); } queue_put(qt, "* "); // printf("after producer: queue's length is %d\n", qt->len);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&qlock); pthread_cond_signal(&q_not_empty); // printf("producer has unlocked the qlock\n"); // sleep(1);
} } /* * consumer function */
void consumer(void *q) { // printf("start consumer:\n");
queue *qt = q; while(1) { pthread_mutex_lock(&qlock); // printf("consumer has locked the qlock\n");
while(qt->len <= 0) //queue is empty
{ // printf("consumer is going to waiting\n");
pthread_cond_wait(&q_not_empty, &qlock); } datatype back_name = queue_get(qt); // printf("after consumer, queue's length is %d\n", qt->len);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&qlock); pthread_cond_signal(&q_not_full); // now process the back_name // printf("cousumer has unlocked the qlock\n"); // sleep(1);
} }
- 主函数(测试):
//gcc编译时加上-lpthread
int main() { pthread_t tid1, tid2; queue *q=(queue *)malloc(sizeof(queue)); queue_init(q); // queue_put(q, "one"); // queue_put(q, "two"); // queue_put(q, "three"); // queue_get(q); // printf("len = %d\n", q->len); // queue_print(q);
long stime = clock(); long etime = clock(); pthread_create(&tid1, NULL, (void *)producer, (void *)q); pthread_create(&tid2, NULL, (void *)consumer, (void *)q); while((float)(etime-stime)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC < 0.00001) { etime = clock(); } return 0; }
参考:《unix环境高级编程》