【mmwave】DeviceSurvey

From: http://liudongdong1.github.io/

Millimeter wave (mmWave) is a special class of radar technology that uses shortwavelength electromagnetic waves. Radar systems transmit electromagnetic wave signals that objects in their path then reflect. By capturing the reflected signal, a radar system can determine the range, velocity and angle of the objects. operating at 76–81 GHz (with a corresponding wavelength of about 4 mm

0. mmWave

Wei T, Zhang X. mtrack: High-precision passive tracking using millimeter wave radios[C]//Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. 2015: 117-129.

• mTrack:
  • record hand-writing trace from mTrack;
  • export and control mouse of a PC
  • Myscript styles for word detection

• E-Mi:
  • model the environment as a sparse set of geometrical structures;
  • reconstruct the structure by tracing back the invisible propagation paths;
    • recover geometries of each path: AoA, AoD, length;
  • search for best topology to achieve best covery;

• mmWave Imaging:
  • estimating object distance, curvature, boundary, and surface material;
    • fix Tx, while moving Rx to different locations; both using single-beam;
    • use reflected RSS patterns to distinguish object geometries/materials;
  • UIysses: leveraging beamforming to improve signal diversity;
    • moving co-located Tx/Rx following predefined trajectory;

1. DCA1000EVM

The DCA1000 evaluation module (EVM) provides real-time data capture and streaming for two- and four-lane low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) traffic from TI AWR and IWR radar sensor EVMs. The data can be streamed out via 1-Gbps Ethernet in real time to a PC running the MMWAVE-STUDIO tool for capture, visualization, and then can be passed to an application of choice for data processing and algorithm development. The DCA1000EVM is a capture card for interfacing with Texas Instrument’s 77GHz xWR1xxx EVM that enables users to stream the ADC data over Ethernet. This design is based on Lattice FPGA LFE5UM85F-8BG381I with DDR3L.

• Supports lab and mobile collection scenarios
• Captures LVDS data from AWR/IWR radar sensors
• Streams output in real time through 1-Gbps Ethernet
• Controlled via onboard switches or GUI/library

1.1. LVDS over Ethernet streaming

• Raw mode: all LVDS data is captured and streamed over ethernet;
• Data separated mode: add specific headers to different data types; FPGA separates out different data types based on the header and streams it over ethernet interface;

• The DCA1000EVM should be connected to TI's xWR1xxx EVM through a 60-pin HD connector by using a 60-pin Samtec ribbon cable
• The DCA1000EVM should be connected to a PC through a USB cable (J1-Radar FTDI) for configuring the xWR1xxx EVM if the mmWave Studio is used to configure the radar device. If an embedded application is used to configure the xWR1xxx EVM, then this is not required.

2. *IW mmSensor

2.1. IWR1843

The IWR1843 is an ideal solution for low-power, self-monitored, ultra-accurate radar systems in industrial applications, such as, building automation, factory automation, drones, material handling, traffic monitoring, and surveillance. Contains a TI high-performance C674x DSP for the radar signal processing. The device includes an ARM R4F-based processor subsystem, which is responsible for front-end configuration, control, and calibration.

• Transmit Subsystem:
  • three parallel transmit chains, each with independent phase and amplitude control;
• Receive Subsystem:
  • A single receive channel consists of an LNA, mixer, IF filtering, A2D conversion, and decimation. All four receive channels can be operational at the same time an individual power-down option is also available for system optimization.
  • complex baseband architecture, which uses quadrature mixer and dual IF and ADC chains to provide complex I and Q outputs for each receiver channel.

3. Tools

• Models:

  • IWR1843 BSDL model Boundary scan database of testable input and output pins for IEEE 1149.1 of the specific device.

  • IWR1843 IBIS model IO buffer information model for the IO buffers of the device. For simulation on a circuit board, see IBIS Open Forum.

• Tools:

  • UniFlash Standalone Flash Tool: program on-chip flash memory through a GUI, command line, or scripting interface.
  • Code Composer Studio™ (CCS) Integrated Development Environment (IDE): develop and debug embedded applications. It includes an optimizing C/C++ compiler, source code editor, project build environment, debugger, profiler, and many other features.
  • some experiment and labs

.1. mmWave Studio GUI

4. Application

• Liquid and solid level sensing;
• industrial proximity sensing, non-contact sensing for security, traffic monitoring, industrial transportation;
• sensor fusion of camera and radar instruments for security, factory automation, robotics;
• sensor fusion of camera and radar instruments for object identification, manipulation, and flight avoidance for security, robotics, material handling or drone devices;
• people counting;
• gesturing;
• motion detection;

4.1. Automotive mmWave radar sensors

1. Front Long range radar

achieve both superior angular and distance resolution at short ranges over a wide field of view while extending out to long distances. Relying on other optical sensors may be challenging in certain weather and visibility conditions. Smoke, fog, bad weather, and light and dark contrasts are challenging visibility conditions that can inhibit optical passive and active sensors such as cameras and LIDAR, which may potentially fail to identify a target. TI mmWave sensors, however, maintain robust performance despite challenging weather and visibility conditions.

2. Ultra short range radar

mmWave sensors for low-power, self-monitored, ultra-accurate radar systems in the automotive space.

3. Medium/short range radar

allow estimation and tracking of the position and velocity of objects and can be multi-mode for objects at a distance and close-by.

4. Driver vital sign monitoring

measuring driver vital signs, such as heart rate and breathing rate. This information could enable applications to detect the fatigue state or sleepiness state of a driver.

5. Obstacle detection sensor

detect obstacles when parking or opening doors.

6. Vehicle occupant detection

TI’s scalable 60GHz and 77GHz single-chip mmWave sensors enable robust detection of occupants (adults, children, pets) inside of a car for applications including child presence detection, seat belt reminder, and more.

4.2. Industrial

• Smart/Automatic door openers Industrial sensor for measuring range, velocity, and angle
• Tank level probing radar
• Displacement sensing
• Field transmitters
• Traffic monitoring
• Proximity sensing
• Security and surveillance
• Factory automation safety guards
• People counting
• Motion detection

5. Background

5.1. LVDS

LVDS（Low-Voltage Differential Signaling ,低電壓差分信號）是美國國家半導體（National Semiconductor, NS，現TI）於1994年提出的一種信號傳輸模式的電平標准，它采用極低的電壓擺幅高速差動傳輸數據，可以實現點對點或一點對多點的連接，具有低功耗、低誤碼率、低串擾和低輻射等優點，已經被廣泛應用於串行高速數據通訊場合當，如高速背板、電纜和板到板數據傳輸與時鍾分配，以及單個PCB內的通信鏈路。

差分信號有別於單端信號一根信號線傳輸信號然后參考GND作為高(H)、低（L）邏輯電平的參考並作為鏡像流量路徑的做法，差分傳輸在兩根傳輸線上都傳輸信號，這兩個信號的振幅相等，相位相差180度，極性相反，互為耦合。

• 很容易地識別小信號;
• 對外部電磁干擾(EMI)是高度免疫的;
• 降低供電電壓不僅減少了高密度集成電路的功率消耗，而且減少了芯片內部的散熱，有助於提高集成度。LVDS減少供電電壓和邏輯電壓擺幅，降低了功耗。

6. 學習資源

• https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/94470041
• IWR1843 document
• 淘寶購買鏈接：
  • DCA1000EVM TI 雷達感應應用實時數據捕捉適配器評估模塊開發工具 4790
  • IWR1843BOOST TI 76GHz至81GHz工業雷達傳感器評估模塊原廠原裝 2790
• Texas 購買鏈接
• DCA1000 Quik tutorial
• mmWave Studio user guide
• Sensors overview and Relative Application
• Fundamation of mmwave
• mmWave Radar Sensors: Object Versus Range
• project: https://github.com/vilari-mickopf/mmwave-gesture-recognition

Swipe Up,Swipe Down, spin cw, spin ccw, letter z, x, s

• mmwave SDK: https://github.com/bigheadG/mmWave
• mmwave beanforming: https://github.com/gante/mmWave-localization-learning#papers
• DCA1000_Quick_Start_Guide.pdf